Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

rs > islam: beliefs and teachings > Flashcards

islam: beliefs and teachings Flashcards

1
Q

what type of religion is islam?

A

monotheistic; this means that muslims believe there is only one god (Allah)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the belief in one, indivisible god known as in islam?

A

Tawhid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what do muslims believe in?

A

the supremacy of god’s will: the idea that god’s will is above all things so things will only happen if god wants them to

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

how do verses in Surah 112 help to explain Tawhid?

A

‘He is God the One’
- there’s only one god
- god is unified, undivided being (cannot be divided)
‘God the eternal’
- god has always existed
‘He begot no one nor was He begotten’
- god was not born or came into being out of something else
- god does not have any children
‘No one is comparable to Him’
- god is unique
- no other person/thing has god’s qualities/attributes
- no one can accurately picture/describe god because there is nothing to compare him to

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what does belief in Tawhid mean muslims should do?

A
  • worship only one god
  • never make anything in their lives more important than god, as god has no equal
  • not use images or pictures of god, as it is impossible to portray god accurately
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what does the supremacy of god’s will mean?

A
  • muslims believe god’s will is supreme (most powerful) so god can make anything happen that he wants
  • nothing happens unless god allows
  • helps give muslims confidence when something goes wrong as it’s believed to be part of god’s plan for them
  • muslims try to live according to god’s will in their everyday lives, accepting that god knows best
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

who was Muhammad?

A

the last and most important of the prophets in islam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what happened after Muhammad died?

A

there were disagreements about who should succeed him as leader of islam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are the two branches islam split into after Muhammad died?

A

sunni and shi’a

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are the central beliefs of Sunni Muslims?

A

six articles of faith

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are the central beliefs of Shi’a Muslims?

A

five roots of ‘Usul ad-Din

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

information about sunni muslims

A
  • sunni leader (Caliph) should be elected
  • only Qur’an and sunnah have authority to provide religious guidance
  • Abu Bakr, Muhammad’s advisor, was rightful leader after Muhammad died
  • six articles of faith are main beliefs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the Sunnah?

A

Muhammad’s teachings and guidance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

information about shi’a muslims

A
  • shi’a leader (Imam) should be descendant of Muhammad and chosen by god
  • Qur’an, sunnah and shi’a leader have authority to provide religious guidance
  • Ali, Muhammad’s cousin and son-in-law was rightful leader after Muhammad died
  • five roots of ‘usul ad-din are main beliefs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are some shared beliefs in sunni and shi’a islam?

A
  • believe in same god
  • follow teachings in Qur’an
  • follow teachings in Sunnah
  • acknowledge importance of prophets
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are the six articles of faith in sunni islam?

A
  1. Tawhid
    - belief there’s only one god
  2. Angels
    - belief in angels who passed on god’s message to prophets
  3. Holy books
    - respect for holy books, particularly Qur’an as highest authority in islam
  4. Prophets
    - respect for prophets, particularly Muhammad who received final revelation of islam from god
  5. Day of Judgement
    - at end of world, every person will be judged by god and sent to paradise or hell
  6. Supremacy of God’s will
    - belief nothing happens unless god wants it to
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are the five roots of ‘usul ad-din in shi’a islam?

A
  1. Tawhid
    - belief in one god
  2. Prophethood
    - respect for prophets, particularly Muhammad who received final revelation of islam from god
  3. Adalat; the justice of God
    - belief god will judge everyone day of judgement in fair/just way and hold them to account for actions
  4. Imamate
    - respect for 12 Imams, chosen by god to lead islam after Muhammad died
  5. Resurrection
    - belief that after death, muslims will be resurrected and judged by god
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

how many different names are there for god?

A

99 different names in the Qur’an and Hadith

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is the Hadith?

A

Muhammad’s sayings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what do the 99 names do?

A
  • describe god’s characteristics
  • help give muslims idea of what god’s like
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what are some of god’s most important qualities?

A
  • immanent
  • transcendent
  • omnipotent
  • beneficent
  • merciful
  • fair
  • just
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what are some qualities of god?

A

Transcendent
- god created universe, so beyond/outside it; not limited by physical world
- god can be both transcendent and immanent as he created universe but also within ll things/able to act within it
Immanent
- present everywhere in world/universe
- within all things and involved in life on earth
Beneficent
- benevolent; all-loving/all-good
- generosity seen in gift to humans of everything needed to live on earth
Fair and just
- treats everyone fairly/justly
- will judge all equally on day of judgement
- shi’a muslims particularly believe people have responsibility for actions/god will punish/reward people depending on choices they make
Merciful
- shows compassion and mercy
- cares for people/understands suffering
- forgives people who are truly sorry for things done wrong
Omnipotent
- all-powerful
- power to create/sustain everything in universe
- aware of everything including human actions/thoughts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what are angels?

A

spiritual beings who serve god and pass on his word to people through prophets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

who was Jibril?

A

angel of revelation, who revealed Qur’an to Muhammad

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

who was Mika’il?

A

angel of mercy, who rewards good deeds and provides nourishment for earth and human life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

beliefs about angels?

A
  • are spiritual beings created by god from light
  • constantly serve and praise god
  • able to take on human form to give messages to people
  • have no free will, can only do what god wants them to do
  • pure and sinless
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what do muslims believe are the roles of angels?

A
  • some act as messengers of god; receive god’s words directly and pass on perfectly to prophets
  • some take care of people throughout lives
  • some record everything a person does in ‘book of deeds’; presented to god on day of judgement to be used to judge people and decide to send to paradise/hell
  • some take people’s souls to god after they die and escort to paradise or hell
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

significance of Jibril?

A
  • angel of revelation
  • purified Muhammad’s heart when he was a child so he could later receive god’s revelations
  • recited qur’an to Muhammad and continued to pass god’s messages to him to guide him through rest of his life
  • played important role in communicating final version of islam to humanity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

significance of Mika’il?

A
  • angel of mercy
  • responsible for sending rain, thunder and lightning
  • brings nourishment to earth and helps provide food for humans by sending rain to ground
  • believed to reward people who do good deeds
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

what is predestination?

A

the idea that god knows or determines everything that will happen in the universe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

what do most muslims believe about predestination?

A

god knows everything that will happen, but people still have free will and can make their own choices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

what do sunni muslims believe about predestination?

A

god has already determined everything that will happen in the universe
- god written down what will happen in ‘book of decrees’
- as god created people, they must act according to will
- god’s will powerful so he can make anything he wants happen
humans don’t have freedom to change destiny/overall plan god set but they have choice over behaviour

33
Q

what is a quote to support the belief that god has already determined everything that will happen?

A

“Only what God has decreed will happen to us.” - Qur’an 9:51

34
Q

what do shi’a muslims believe about predestination?

A

god knows everything that is going to happen, but this doesn’t mean he decides what’s going to happen
- god creator of time so outside/not bound by it so god can see what happens past/present/future
- god knows choices people will make, but they believe they have free will to make choices for themselves

35
Q

what is a quote to support the belief that people have the free will to change their own future?

A

“God does not change the condition of a people [for the worse] unless they change what is in themselves” - Qur’an 13:11

36
Q

what is the significance of the day of judgement?

A
  • muslims who believe they have free will to make own choices also believe they will be judged by god for these choices
  • believe on day of judgement, god will judge for everything they did and reward/punish
  • god knows everything that will happen but people responsible for actions and will be rewarded/punished
37
Q

what is the name for the muslim belief in everlasting life after death?

A

Akhirah

38
Q

what do muslims belief happens after death?

A

they enter a state of waiting until day of judgement when god will send them to heaven or hell

39
Q

what is the name for heaven in islam?

A

jannah

40
Q

what is the name for hell in islam?

A

jahannam

41
Q

what does belief in life after death encourage muslims to do?

A

take responsibility for their actions and live in a way that pleases god

42
Q

what are the three stages muslims believe happen after death?

A
  • Barzakh
  • the Day of Judgement
  • Heaven and hell
43
Q

what happens during barzakh?

A
  • after death, state of waiting until day of judgement called Barzakh (meaning ‘barrier’)
  • people unable to back across barrier to right wrongs or warn people
  • while waiting, god sends 2 angels to question about faith
  • depending on answers, they will either see rewards that will come or punishments they will have to endure after day of judgement
44
Q

what happens on the day of judgement?

A
  • when god’s purpose for universe fulfilled, world will be destroyed
  • everyone who has ever lived will be resurrected
  • everyone will be given personal ‘book of deeds’ (record of everything they did during their lives)
  • if given book in right hand, heaven; if left hand, hell
45
Q

what happens in heaven/hell?

A
  • people who kept faith/did good deeds will be rewarded with heaven
  • heaven described as beautiful garden; state of eternal happiness in presence of god
  • people who rejected god/did bad things will be punished with hell
  • hell described as place of fire/torment where people separated from god
46
Q

what is the importance of belief in akhirah?

A
  • encourages muslims to take responsibility for actions as god will hold them accountable and reward/punish
  • motivates muslims to follow teachings in Qur’an and dedicate lives to god
  • helps give muslims who suffer hopes something better to look forward to
  • helps muslims accept unjust situations as god will provide justice in afterlife
47
Q

what is prophethood?

A

refers to when someone is made a prophet: a messenger of god’s word

48
Q

what is the belief in prophets and their importance as messengers of god called in islam?

A

Risalah

49
Q

who do muslims believe was the first prophet?

A

Adam

50
Q

what do muslims believe about prophethood?

A
  • gift from god to help humans understand his message
  • when people forget/misunderstand/ change god’s message, he has sent prophets to call people back to right path
  • have been around 124,000 prophets, sent to every nation
  • Muhammad last/most important prophet
51
Q

why are prophets important in islam?

A
  • they are good role models to help muslims understand how to follow god
  • they do this by conveying god’s words/setting good examples for how to live obedient life to god
52
Q

what is Adam considered to be?

A

father of the human race and first prophet

53
Q

what does the Qur’an teach about Adam’s beginnings?

A
  • god created Adam from dust of ground, and breathed his Spirit into him
  • god gave Adam knowledge and understanding/taught him names of all things
  • god told angels to bow down to Adam out of respect for his knowledge
  • Iblis (Satan) refused to bow down to Adam, so god threw him out of paradise; iblis vowed to always tempt humans to sin against god
  • god created Hawwa (eve) to keep Adam company, they lived in Garden of Bliss
  • god tol adam and hawwa they could eat anything apart from fruit from forbidden tree
  • iblis deceived Adam and hawwa into eating forbidden fruit
  • god expelled them from garden and actions brought sin into world
  • god forgave Adam after he accepted his mistake and he became first prophet
54
Q

why is Adam important to muslims?

A
  • god gave him knowledge and understanding
  • god taught him how to live good life in obedience to god
  • Adam passed on knowledge to rest of humanity through descendants
55
Q

who is Ibrahim?

A

an important prophet in islam

56
Q

why is Ibrahim a good role model for muslims?

A

because he always has faith in god and showed obedience to god, at a time when many people worshipped a variety of gods and idols

57
Q

why is Ibrahim important?

A
  • he fulfilled all the tests/commands god gave him
  • he showed great faith in god
  • he is a good role model for muslims
  • Muhammad was one of his descendants through son Ishmael
  • proclaimed belief in one god when people worshipped many gods and idols
58
Q

how was Ibrahim a good role model?

A
  • refused to worship idols and preached there’s only one god
  • rebuilt the ka’aba
  • was willing to sacrifice son to god
59
Q

further explanation for Ibrahim refusing to worship idols/preaching only one god?

A
  • when he was young, many worshipped different gods/idols
  • he questioned their beliefs and decided there was only one god who created everything
  • became determined to stop idol worship; one day, he used an axe to destroy all idols in local temple
  • people were furious and demanded he be burned alive
  • he was thrown into fire but fire only burned his chains and he walked out alive
  • miracle prompted people to follow Allah
60
Q

further explanation for ibrahim rebuilding the ka’aba?

A
  • ka’aba is small building in centre of grand mosque in Makkah; considered house of god/holiest place in islam
  • original ka’aba built by Adam destroyed by great flood
  • following god’s command he rebuilt ka’aba on same site
  • when muslimstake part in hajj, which starts at ka’aba, they remember ibrahim and steadfastness of his faith
61
Q

further explanation for ibrahim being willing to sacrifice his son to god?

A
  • he has a dream god asked him to sacrifice son
  • was willing to do this, but god stopped him and said he passed test
  • during festival Id-ul-Adha each year, muslims kill an animal to remember Ibrahim’s willingness to sacrifice son out of obedience to god
62
Q

what did Muhammad receive?

A

the final revelation of islam from god

63
Q

what do shi’a muslims believe in the importance of?

A

the Imamate; the leadership of the imams
- Shi’as believe imams appointed by god so can maintain and interpret islamic teachings without fault

64
Q

why is Muhammad important?

A
  • most important prophet; “God’s messenger”(Qur’an 33:40)
  • received Qur’an from god, which muslims use as basis for faith
  • remembered for helping to fully establish islam by conquering Makkah, and travelling to heaven where he was in the presence of god
65
Q

what are the three main things that make Muhammad important?

A
  • revelation of the Qur’an
  • conquering Makkah
  • the night journey
66
Q

information about Muhammad’s revelation of the Qur’an?

A
  • he grew up in Makkah and would sometimes visit cave in mountains to meditate and pray
  • in 610CE he visited cave and experienced revelation from jibril
  • over next 22 ish years he continued to receive revelations from fibril
  • these combined together to form Qur’an
67
Q

information about Muhammad conquering Makkah?

A
  • after first revelation, he started challenging people in Makkah to follow god’s teachings
  • was persecuted for preaching and fled to madinah with followers
  • united warring tribes in madinah and conquered Makkah with them, converting city to islam
  • helped bring harmony to region and established islam firmly as religion
68
Q

information about Muhammad’s night journey?

A
  • before fleeing to madinah, fibril took him on miraculous journey to Jerusalem and heaven, where he spoke to prophets and saw great signs of god
  • in heaven he agreed with god muslims should pray 5 times a day
  • sunni muslims still follow this practice
69
Q

what is the Imamate?

A
  • leader of shi’a muslims called imam; leadership of imams called the Imamate
  • Shi’as believe imam should be descendant of Muhammad and chosen by god
  • Twelve branch of shi’a teaches there have been 12 imams in total; each has been related to Muhammad somehow
  • twelfth imam has been kept alive by god and hidden somewhere on earth
  • he will return in future to bring justice and equality
  • as imams appointed by god, they can interpret Qur’an and islamic law without fault
  • Shi’as believe imams necessary as people need divine guidance on how to live correctly
  • final version of god’s law received by Muhammad, imams important for helping to preserve and explain this law
70
Q

what is the importance of the Qur’an?

A

the most important holy book in islam and highest source of authority for matters relating to islamic teaching, practice and law

71
Q

what are the other holy books in islam?

A
  • the Torah
  • the Psalms
  • the Gospel
  • the Scrolls of Abraham
72
Q

what is the Qur’an?

A
  • includes mixture of historical accounts and advice on how to follow god
  • nearly every chapter begins ‘In the name of God, the Lord of Mercy, the Giver of Mercy’
  • foundation of every believer’s faith
  • written in arabic
  • contains 114 surahs, roughly arranged in order of length
73
Q

timeline of the Qur’an?

A

1.
- revealed to Muhammad by jibril
- jibril directly passed god’s words so Qur’an considered word of god
- revelations occurred over about 22 years
2.
- Muhammad learnt by heart every revelation he received
- recited these revelations to followers
- scribes later wrote them down
3.
- as islam spread, there was danger that original words would be distorted
- third caliph asked team of muslim scholars to compile official version of Qur’an everyone could use
- completed around 650CE

74
Q

what do muslims believe about the other holy books?

A
  • other holy books revealed by god
  • mentioned in Qur’an
  • some think these have been completely lost and no longer exist today
  • some think they can be found to some extent in bible, but original text corrupted/distorted so doesn’t have same authority as Qur’an
75
Q

who was the torah revealed to and what is it’s authority?

A
  • Moses (Musa)
  • some think it’s first five books of bible but altered from original text
76
Q

who were the psalms revealed to and what is their authority?

A
  • David
  • many accept psalms mentioned in Qur’an similar to ones in bible
77
Q

who was the gospel revealed to and what is it’s authority?

A
  • Jesus (Isa)
  • muslims believe gospel lost but some message found in bible
78
Q

who were the scrolls of Abraham revealed to and what is their authority?

A
  • ibrahim
  • considered one of earliest scriptures in islam and no longer exist

rs (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions