Islam Flashcards
Quran during prophets life time
Culture of memorisation, the prophets followers repeated words. At a later stage the prophets secretaries wrote the words of the quran on whatever they could find and the prophet put them in Hafsa’s chest
Prophet went through and put in chronological order
First text: Abu Bakr
Battle of Yammah took place and resulted in the death of many quran reciters. This caused fear of revelation being lost.
Zayd was selected to collect the suhuf and hand to Abu Bak’r.
There were two conditions before accepting it as part of the Qur’an:
- two witnesses to testify they heard recital directly from the prophet
- it must have been originally written down in his presence
- a copy of Qur’an was available within 2 years of prophets death
- Abu Bak’r bequeathed the suhuf to Umar who passed it on to Hasfa
Second Text: Uthman
20 years after Abu Bak’r’s first collection there had come to be at least four different texts with four different dialects. None of these variations had any records of chronological order. Certain verses superseded others. It was important that there were no variations as they caused dispute amongst muslims
Zayd
Suhuf
Language of Quraysh
Medina Mecca Kufa Basra Damascus
Uthman was never accused for altering or mutilating Quran
Uthmanic Quran
114 chapters called Surahs
Roughly shortest to longest
Every surah starts with bismillah apart from surah 9
The Authority of Qur’an
- Word of God
- Kalam Allah
- Quran is uncreated
- absolute and uncorrupted word of God - Qur’an is the Final Revelation
- Illiteracy of the Prophet
- ummi, contribute to the revelation of the Quran - The Qur’an Matchless & Inimitable
- The Qur’an is untranslatable
Popular Uses of Qur’an
- heal the sick; great baraka
- ward of evil
- birth ceremony
- funeral prayers
- night of power
The Qur’an in Worship & everyday life
What you do before reading Qur’an
Spiritual significance of the Qur’an
The Qur’an has a sacramental quality
Part of god
Religious Significance of Salah
- Muslims pray at the same time so it promotes unity amongst the ummah
- Salah prayed properly means Allah will forgive all sins
- Brings about peace and shows submission to Allah
- Muslims are in contact with Allah 5 times a day - closest they can be to Allah is during sujood
- Reinforces Tawhid
Image of God from Salah
- Accepter of prayer
- One God
- All powerful
- All good and loving
- Guide of Muslims
- No intermediate between God and his creation
Significance of Zakat
- It purifies wealth
- Removes envy from the heart of the poor
- spreads love and tranquility
- Test from Allah
- improves an individual’s social spirit and personality
- it cleanses sins
Why do Muslims fast?
- appreciate the revelation of the Qur’an
- fourth pillar
- ibadah
- sympathy with the poor
- brings one closer to God
Qur’an as a Source of Law
- The Qur’an is used to create the shariah, considered straight path to life
- 500-600 verses 11% is legal ruling
- marriage, divorce
- halal and haram
- Qur’an provides complete guidance for Muslim life
- most authoritative text
Hadith and Sunnah
Sunnah is the actions of the prophet and the hadith is the sayings
- prophet went through every human experience possible
- sunnah provides a standard for muslim life
- hadith clarifies things for Muslims
Nature of Shahadah
- Islamic creed and declaration of faith
- used in the adhaan (call to prayer)
- first pillar of Islam
- tawhid
Significance of Sawm
- self control and self discipline
- increases taqwa
- unites ummah
- empathy and compassion to the poor
- reflection
Significance of Hajj
- refreshes ones faith
- increases taqwa
- unity
- lead to forgiveness of sins
- importance of sacrifice
5 types of Jihad
- Jihad against oneself Struggle against the lowly desires of the ego and trying to overcome temptations - Jihad with knowledge Duty of muslims to learn knowledge and spread faith - Jihad with wealth Charity - Jihad with sword - Jihad through righteousness Doing good deeds
Tawhid
- the oneness of God
- god is the ultimate reality
- absolute monotheism
- Shahadah, confession of faith
Implications of Tawhid
- God sees everything that you’re doing so muslims try not to sin
- Muslims can avoid things in life but not god
- submission to god results in peace
- prevents shirk
- changes behaviour in muslims
- denial of polytheism
Types of Shirk
Major Shirk:
- this means ascribing to someone other than Allah such things as Lordship, divinity and attributes
- this type of shirk may be outward such as worshipping idols and graves
Hidden Shirk:
- put trust in others besides Allah
- outwardly act like they are following Islam and conceal their shirk
Minor Shirk:
Includes everything that may lead to major shirk, or which is described in the texts as being shirk, but does not reach the extent of being major shirk.
- being emotionally attached to someone in a way that is more than God, or believing in something else which provides protection
- swearing by something other than Allah
Al- Ashari
Believe predestination and free will can be combined
Al - Ghazali
Can’t be sure on predestination or free will
Jabriyya
Complete predestination: Allah is sovereign
No free will: Allah has control over all things
