islam Flashcards
sunni
majority of muslim population, 90% believe that the caliph/leader does not need to be a direct descendant of muhammad
caliph
leader of the muslim faith
Shi’a
smaller part of islam faith, believes the caliph must be related to muhammad
Sufi
mystics, believe that they can communicate (feel/connect) with god (allah) via spinning.
Centers for Learning
Baghdad (capital in Iraq)- House of Wisdom= huge library with scholars from all over the world studying texts and translating them into Arabic (preserved Greek, Roman, Persian, & Indian knowledge/culture)
Cordoba (capital in Spain)- al-Andalus (the name of Muslim-controlled Spain)= cosmopolitan mix of Christians, Jews, and Muslims
achievements in science
Scholar/Physician Al-Razi
Discovered airborne causes of disease
Determined the healthiest places to build hospitals
“Steaks on stakes”
experiment→ some areas have fewer bacteria
Wrote medical textbooks such as the Comprehensive Book (drew on knowledge from Greek and Indian sources)
achievements in astronomy
interest in astronomy developed from a need to fulfill 3 of the 5 pillars (fasting during Ramadan, performing the hajj, and praying toward Mecca)
i. Created maps (for trade and pilgrimage to Mecca)
ii. Astrolabe= device used for navigating and
calculating location, time, & distance
iii. Developed a lunar calendar
iv. Armillary Sphere used to calculate the time of day and year (for praying 5 times a day facing Mecca)
achievements in math
developed a lot of algebra and trigonometry, adopted arabic number systems (12345678)
achievements in art
Art
Rumi= Sufi poet (sounds romantic/two lovers, but his poems are about your relationship with Allah, not another person)
Mosaics used in mosques (House of Worship) (borrowed from Rome)
Calligraphy (the art of beautiful handwriting) used in mosques- formed pictures with Arabic letters/words
Literature (The Thousand and One Nights)- links to India and Persia
what is the byzantine empire often referred to as
the new rome
where was the capital of rome called?
Constantinople. it gave great advantage to the byzantine as it was in a good location for trade (On silk road) and easier to defend
location of byzantine capital?
Bosporus Strait (linked to several seas, including the Mediterranean and the Black Sea) → good for sea trade and good for defense/protection
located on peninsula (water on 3 sides)
what links did the byzantine empire have?
asian and europe links ; located between the the two continets, good for trade
what did the byzantine do to protect the capital?
build walls around the capital
what did the empire justinian achieve?
expanded the byzantine empire
created the justinian code
build hagia sophia
nika rebellion
nika rebellion
mass execution (30,000) of protesters in the hippodrome
persecuted non christians and gay people
what isthe hippodrome
something used for entertainment, chariot races, offical ceremonies, celebrations, protests. acted like a town square
who was the court historian
procopius
what did procopius show a good example of
of bias, wrote good things about justinian when he was alive but switched up when he died.
did byantine preserve greek and roman culture?
yes
what did byzantine preserve from the greeks/romans
art, icons (religious paintings), studied the philosophy and literature
five pillars of Islam
faith , pray, alams, fasting, pilgrimage
what do the Muslims say for faith ?
declaration of faith said daily : There is no God but Allah and Muhammad is his prophet
what do Islam’s do for alam
charity, donate 2.5% of income
