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REL C 357 > Islam > Flashcards

Islam Flashcards

1
Q

Five articles of Islamic faith

A

Oneness of God
Prophethood
The Book
Final Judgment
Angels and Jinn
(Predestination)

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2
Q

What does “oneness of God” imply?

A

There is only one God, Allah, who is neither material nor comprehended.

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3
Q

Shahada

A

“There is no god but God, and Muhammad is the messenger of God”

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4
Q

By how many attributes is God described in the Quran?

A

99

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5
Q

How is God glorified?

A

Saying the Tasbih using a 33-bead string called the Masbaha. (This act is dhikr, meaning remembrance.)

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6
Q

Who is the greatest prophet next to Muhammad, per Islam?

A

Jesus (but he is not considered the son of God)

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7
Q

Who was the last prophet ever?

A

Muhammad (“Seal of the Prophets”)

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8
Q

Doctrine of the Book

A

When Allah sends a prophet, he gives each a book (Moses, Torah; Jesus, Gospels; Muhammad, Quran). The Quran is considered to be the only uncorrupted scripture remaining.

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9
Q

What does Quran mean, and how many sections does it have?

A

Recitation, and 114 Suras (composed of verses called ayat)

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10
Q

What is heaven called?

A

Paradise (Furudeis) or “gardens of delight.” The righteous (only Muslims) will go there.

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11
Q

Final Judgment

A

All will be resurrected and judged by Allah.

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12
Q

What is Hell called?

A

Jahanna

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13
Q

Classes of humanoids

A

Humans; angels (righteous heavenly messengers); and Jinn (good, evil, or mischievous spirits)

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14
Q

Predestination

A

God knows and has ordained all things to come, but people are expected to make righteous choices

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15
Q

“If Allah wills it”

A

Insh’Allah

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16
Q

Islamic house of worship

A

Mosque (towers: minarets)

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17
Q

Five Pillars of Islam

A

Shahada: witness, testimony
Salat: Prayer, 5 times daily
Zakat: 2.5% tithe
Sawm: Ramadan fast
Hajj: Pilgrimage to Mecca

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18
Q

When are the Salat prayers performed?

A

Morning, noon, afternoon, sunset, night

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19
Q

Prayer call

A

adhan

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20
Q

Ritual prayer washing

A

wudu

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21
Q

Prayer callers

A

muadhdin

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22
Q

Prayer cycle

A

rakah

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23
Q

Friday

A

al-Juma; holy day to go to mosque

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24
Q

To whom are the Zakat tithes given?

A

The Waqf (Islamic Trust)

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25
Q

Free will offerings to the poor

A

Sadaqa

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26
Q

When does the Hajj take place?

A

du al-Hajj – the 12th month

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27
Q

Religious prohibitions

A

Sexual immorality; drinking alcohol; eating pork; gambling

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28
Q

Sacrifice day during the Hajj

A

Eid al-Adha

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29
Q

End of Ramadan

A

Eid al-Fitr

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30
Q

Muhammad’s birthday

A

Milad en-Nabi

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31
Q

Celebration of Moses at Red Sea (Sunni) or three martyrs (Shi’ite)

A

Ashura

32
Q

Proportion of Sunni to Shi’ite

A

84%, 15%

33
Q

Caliph

A

Regent of the messenger of Allah

34
Q

First caliph

A

Abu Bakr. Appointed by Quraysh tribe. Father-in-law of Muhammad (through Ayisha). Re-unified Arabs after Muhammad’s death. 632-634

35
Q

Second caliph

A

Omar. Appointed by Abu Bakr. Father-in-law of Muhammad. Quran compiled during his rule. Greatly expanded Islam to north, east, and west. Assassinated in Medina. (634-656)

36
Q

Third caliph

A

Uthman. Member of Umayyad family. Son-in-law of Muhammad. Quran canonized. Assassinated at Medina by Egyptian mob. 644-656

37
Q

Fourth caliph

A

Ali. Chosen by men of Medina, not Quraysh. Husband of Muhammad’s daughter Fatima. 656-661

38
Q

Muawiya

A

Umayyad noble who challenged Ali’s authority; set up rival capital at Damascus, and orchestrated Ali’s assassination.

39
Q

Ali’s capital

A

Kufa (in Iraq)

40
Q

Hassan and Hussein

A

Ali’s elder and younger sons. Hussein was Ali’s political successor who carried on the war against Muawiya.

41
Q

Hussein’s death

A

Killed in an ambush at Karbala in 680 by Umayyads

42
Q

Fourth imam

A

Ali b. Hussein

43
Q

Fifth imam

A

Muhammad b. Ali

44
Q

Sixth imam

A

Jafar b. Muhammad, or Jafar al-Sadiq. Ruled 702-765 at Medina.

45
Q

Seveners

A

Regard Jafar’s son Ismail as his successor. Various Ismaili sects exist through various lineages.

46
Q

Twelvers

A

Majority of Shi’ites; they regard Jafar’s son Musa as his successor.

47
Q

Muhammad b. Hassan

A

Or al-Mahdi. Young boy who became imam. Went into occultation, meaning that he is still considered the current imam.

48
Q

Sunni-Shi’ite Schism

A

Shi’ites renounced the caliphates, saying that Ali should have been Muhammad’s successor from the beginning.

49
Q

Yazid

A

Son and successor of Muawiya

50
Q

Abd al-Malik

A

Caliph who built the Dome of the Rock

51
Q

Walid

A

Caliph who conquered Spain

52
Q

Abassid Caliphate

A

Began in 750, ruled from Baghdad

53
Q

First Abbasid caliph

A

al-Saffah

54
Q

Abbasid caliph who established Baghdad

A

al-Mansur

55
Q

Fatimid Caliphate

A

Shi’ite caliphate that ruled from Cairo, starting 969

56
Q

Mamluke Sultanate

A

Ruled from Cairo starting 1250

57
Q

Ottoman Empire

A

Ruled from Istanbul. Political leaders were sultans, and religious leaders were caliphs. Reached its greatest extent under Suleiman.

58
Q

Muhammad born

A

570 AD, at Mecca

59
Q

Muhammad’s first marriage

A

595 AD, to Khadija. She was 40, he was 25. They had 2 sons and 4 daughters.

60
Q

Muhammad’s first revelation

A

610 AD, at Hira Cave. Known as laylat al-qadr, or night of power.

61
Q

Muhammad’s year of trials

A

619 AD. Khadija and his uncle died.

62
Q

Night Journey

A

619 AD. Muhammad taken supernaturally from Mecca to Jerusalem, where he met with old prophets and had a vision of the afterlife.

63
Q

al-Aqsa mosque

A

Commemorates night journey meeting with prophets at Jerusalem

64
Q

Dome of the Rock

A

Commemorates vision of the afterlife at Jerusalem

65
Q

Muhammad’s second wife

A

Sawdah

66
Q

Flight to Yathrib/Medina

A

622 AD. Called the Hijra. Muhammad acted as a neutral negotiator among feuding factions and became the leader. Other Muslims migrated, and tribes of Medina converted.

67
Q

Battle of Badr

A

Mecca-Medina battle. Muslims won.

68
Q

Battle of Uhud

A

Mecca-Medina battle. Muslims lost, Muhammad was injured badly.

69
Q

Muhammad’s third wife

A

Married Ayisha, the 8-year-old daughter of Abu Bakr, in 623 AD.

70
Q

Zaynab

A

Controversial wife of Muhammad; married in 627 AD

71
Q

Battle of the Trench

A

627 AD. 900 Qurayza Jews executed

72
Q

Treaty of Hudaybiya

A

628 AD. Temporarily ended Mecca-Medina conflict. Allowed Islam to spread further to Arabian tribes through caravan trade.

73
Q

Conquering of Mecca

A

630 AD. Muhammad took the city, cleansed the Kaaba, and united Arabia under Islam

74
Q

Muhammad died

A

632 AD. Buried in Medina at the house of Ayisha.

75
Q

Jerusalem conquered by Omar

A

638 AD

REL C 357 (5 decks)

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