Islam Flashcards
What does Islam mean?
submission or surrender
What does Muslim mean?
someone that submits to the will of God/believer
What does Allah mean?
God
What does Muhammad mean?
Highly praised one
Where and when was Muhammad born?
Mecca in AD 570
What was Muhammad’s childhood like?
Orphaned at age 6
Uncle Abu Tali raised him
Quraysh tribe
Who and at what age did Muhammad marry?
Khadijah at age 25
When and what is the Night of Power?
AD 610
when Angel Gabriel tells him to recite God’s word
What did Muhammad advocate?
social and economic justice
What is the significance of Yathrib?
622 AD
Hijra and the beginning of the Islamic calendar
later named Medina, city of the prophet
What is Muhammad known as?
The seal of the prophets is also what Muhammad is known as.
When did Muhammad die?
632 AD
What are caliphs?
The successors of Muhammad are caliphs.
What were the divisions caused by?
Ali died
Ali’s son Husayn died at Karbala in Iraq
What is the Sunni?
They follow the Sunna, or the teachings of Muhammad.
They are the majority of Muslims, and their leaders are caliphs.
Follow the line of succession for leaders is how they do it.
What is the Shi’i?
The partisans of Ali are the Shi’i. Their leaders are Imams. They are predominantly in Iraq, Iran, Kuwait, Afghanistan, and Pakistan. They have their own leader.
What was Pre-Islamic Mecca like?
They had different gods, they went off of oral communication, and there was war. There was also the Ka’bah, shrine that different tribes worshiped gods.
What is the Qur’an?
It is the sacred text of Islam. It is the earthly center and foundational text. There are 114 suras, chapters. It is only in Arabic because that is only the direct translation of the Qur’an.
What is the art form resulting from not being able to portray Muhammad as having human characteristics in art?
calligraphy
What was Muhammad’s profession when he was younger?
He was a shepherd, trader, and a caravan manager.
Explain Muhammad’s Ascension to Heaven.
He transported from Mecca to Jerusalem. He ascended with the archangel Gabriel. It is considered a miracle along with the Qur’an.
How are Christ and Muhammad viewed similarly and differently in Christianity and Islam?
Christ is the sacred presence, and Muhammad carried the sacred presence. Christ is one of the two humans conceived by God. Muhammad is human only.
Where did Islam originally start?
Saudi Arabia is where Islam originated.
Where was Allah worshipped before Islam?
Arabia
Which tribe was Allah the special deity for?
Quraysh which was Muhammad’s uncle’s tribe.
What is Sufi?
It is knowing the personal and immanent Allah.
What are the purpose of the prophets in Islam?
They give a link between Allah and human history, and the divine will is revealed.
What was Abraham’s prophecy on?
The prophecy was that there is only one God.
What did Moses contribute to the Islam religion?
The Ten Commandments
What did Jesus give to the Islamic faith?
The Golden Rule was what Jesus gave to the Islamic Faith.
What did Muhammad bring to Islam?
Muhammad brought the Qur’an.
What is the Islamic outlook on human nature?
People are usually good, but they sometimes forget.
How does the Qur’an help with keeping someone good?
The Qur’an helps people to remember to be good.
What will Mahdi do?
Mahdi will restore Islam. Then Jesus will come to Jerusalem to bring the Day of Judgement.
What is the world a form of?
It is the form of a revelation of God’s will.
What is another name for the world?
It is also called the cosmic Qur’an.
What do Muslims see science as?
Muslims see science as knowing more about Allah’s perfect creation.
What is the Umma?
It is the community of Muslims focused on religion.
What is the Shari’a?
It is the divine law that divides actions into five categories including obligatory, recommended, indifferent, disapproved, and forbidden.
What is the Jihad?
It is the struggle against anything that distracts from worshipping Allah. The Jihad preserves the order of Allah in the world.
What are two Muslim groups that played a significant role in history?
The Mongols and the Ottoman Turks palyed a role.
How did Islamic civilization end?
It ended during the European colonization.
Is the Shi’i or the Sunni more political?
Shi’i.
What is one Sufi teaching?
That there is nothing but God.
Who did the Sufis have a hard time with?
The Orthodox Muslims for calling themselves one of Allah’s names.
Who is blamed for making Islam stray from their path?
Sufis
What is the shaykh?
The master and the teacher of the order that disciplines others.
What is al-fana?
It is extinction of your ego that aims for discipline. The separation between self and God disappears.
Who is the majority of Muslims?
Sunni
What is the Sunna? Who follows the Sunna?
The Sunna is Muhammad’s teachings. The Sunni and the Shi’i follow the Sunna.
Who’s leaders are caliphs?
The Sunni’s leaders are caliphs.
Who are the Muslims of Ali?
The Shi’i are the Muslims of Ali.
Who have the leaders known as Imam?
The Shi’i have the Imams as leaders.
Where are the Shi’i predominant?
Iraq, Iran, Kuwait, Afghanistan, and Pakistan are the predominant areas of Shi’i.
Which division is a form of mysticism?
Sufism
Which division emphasises oneness with Allah?
Sufism emphasises oneness with Allah.
Which division has orders with the shaykh? What is a shaykh?
Sufism. Has the orders with the master and teacher as the shaykh.
Which division is associated with al-fana and what is it?
Sufism has al-fana which is the extinction of the ego.
imam
The teacher at a mosque is the imam.
qiblah
This marks where Mecca is in a Mosque.
Adhan
The call to worship is referred to as Adhan.
Muezzin
This person leads the Adhan.
Minaret
The tower is called this that the Adhan is called from.
wudu
Wudu is the ritual of washing before praying to be clean, respectful, and proper.
Shahadah
The creed that is said for the Confession of Faith. It means witness or testify.
Jihad
The struggle of distractions, preserving Allah’s will, and war.
Hijab
Typical Muslim women’s clothing is the Hijab.
What is Sufism?
They have orders with masters called Shaykhs. The form of mysticism has al-fana, or the extinction of ego.
Eid-al-Adha
The feast at the end of the Hajj commemorating Abraham giving up his son to God, Isaac.
What is the significance of Mount Arafat?
Muhammad gave his last sermon at Mount Arafat.
What is the Umma?
Muslims as a community are referred to as the Umma.
What is the Hadith?
The book of Muhammad’s deeds.
What are the Five Pillars?
The Confession of Faith, Prayer, Fasting, Almsgiving, and a Pilgrimage are the Five Pillars.
What is the Shari’a and where is it active?
The Shari’a is the divine law guiding people in the care of the body, women, and the Jihad. It is active in Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and Iran.
What is the Ka’ba?
Located in Mecca, it is a pilgrimage shrine.
Who is a Sufi?
Person that knows Allah’s personal and immanent nature is a Sufi.
What is the Jum’ah?
Muslim men go to the Mosque on Friday which is Jum’ah.
What is the Muslims’ belief of Moses’s contribution?
He contributed the Ten Commandments.
What is the Muslims’ belief of Jesus’s teaching?
Muslims believe that Jesus gave the teaching of the Golden Rule.
Who is the archangel Gabriel?
Archangel Gabriel appeared to Muhammad and told him to, “Recite!”
What is the Muslims’ belief of Abraham’s role in the religion?
They believe that he is the Father of the Arabs and that he told the world that there is only one God.
What is the significance of the holiday Eid al-Fitr?
It celebrates Breaking the Fast of Ramadan. During this time they celebrate the Night of Power and Excellence.
Who is Uthman?
He is a Rightly Guided Caliph, and he put together the written Qur’an.
Who is Husayn?
Husayn is Ali’s son that was killed.
What is the Night of Power and Excellence?
Muhammad was at Mount Hira when the archangel Gabriel appeared to him and told him to, “Recite!”
What is a prophet?
Someone that announces something about a faith is a prophet.
What does Ramadan celebrate?
The holiday celebrates the Third Pillar which is fasting. It celebrates the Night of Power and Excellence, and also celebrates the Qur’an.
Which event marked the beginning of Muhammad as a prophet?
The Night of Power and Excellence marked the beginning of Muhammad being a prophet.
What are two miracles in the Islam faith?
The Qur’an and Muhammad ascending to Heaven are the two miracles.
What does the Shahaddah say?
The creed says that there is only one God, and that Muhammad is the seal of the prophets.
How is the Qur’an similar to Jesus?
The Qur’an to Muslims is the Sacred Presence. Jesus is the Sacred Presence.
How did the Qur’an come into existence?
Muhammad received Allah’s words on the Night of Power and Excellence. Uthman then ordered Zayn ibn Thabit to write down the Qur’an. He did this by talking to the people that had memorized the Qur’an.
What is the concept of Jihad and what is lesser and greater Jihad?
Jihad is the struggle. The greater jihad is the individual struggle. The lesser jihad is the communal struggle.
What are Muslims’ beliefs on human nature?
Muslims believe humans are naturally good, but sometimes they forget and do not do the right thing.
How does Islam compare to Christianity?
Islam sees Jesus as a prophet who was conceived by the Virgin Mary, they deny Jesus’s crucifixion and resurrection, and they expected the Messiah who the Jews were expecting. Christians see Jesus as the only begotten son of God and has a divine and human nature.
Mary is seen in the Islam faith with esteem and piety. The Catholic faith sees Mary as the Mother of God.
Islam believes in Muhammad, and Christians do not believe in Muhammad.
Islam believes that God is One and is different from creation. Catholics believe God is One Trinitarian God and that humans are created in the image and likeness of God.
The Qur’an is the literal word of God to Muslims, and the Holy Scripture is inspired and free of all errors for what is needed for salvation to Catholics.
What does the Qur’an deny about the Catholic faith?
It denies the divinity of Christ, Christ’s Incarnation, Christ’s crucifixion, the redemption, and the Trinity.
What do Catholics deny about the Islam faith?
They deny that there is a prophet after after John the Baptist, and there is a revelation after Christ.
What are some teachings in the Qur’an?
unity, power and glory of God
social justice
Judgement Day
What does Qur’an translate to?
recitation
