Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharm 835 > Ischemic Heart Disease > Flashcards

Ischemic Heart Disease Flashcards

1
Q

Myocardial Ischemia

A

-Lack of oxygen and reduced blood flow the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Myocardial infarction

A
  • Necrosis of the heart muscle caused by imbalance between oxygen supply and demand
  • Irreversible damage
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Angina Pectoris

A
  • Chest pain

- Due to myocardial ischemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Silent Ischemia

A
  • Myocardial ischemia

- With out the chest pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Silent infarction

A
  • Heart attack

- With out the presence of chest pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)

A

-Unstable angina or acute myocardial infarction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

O2 requirements

A
  • Heart rate
  • Wall force
  • Contractile state
  • Other factors (minor)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

O2 Supply

A
  • Arterial pO2 Hgb concentration
  • Coronary flow
  • Coronary microcirculation
  • O2 extraction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Wall tension (demand)

A
  • Preload

- Afterload (Blood pressure)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Coronary blood flow (O2 supply)

A
  • Increased O2 demand

- Increased coronary blood flow (5x resting value)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Collaterals (O2 supply)

A
  • Provide blood flow when major vessels are obstructed
  • Development enhanced by gradual coronary occlusion (needs time to adjust)
  • May prevent MI in the presence of total occlusion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Auto regulation (O2 supply)

A
  • Smaller vessels dilate to maintain coronary blood flow

- As the larger arteries begin to become occluded

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Oxygen extraction (O2 supply)

A
  • at rest 65 to 75% of O2 is extracted

- With increased O2 demand this can go up to 80%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Chronic Stable Anginia

A
  • Certain level of physical activity or emotional stress

- Relived by rest or nitroglycerine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Unstable Angina

A
  • New onset
  • Minimal exertion
  • Pain remains even when at rest
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Vasospastic (Prinzmetal’s variant) Angina

A
  • With or without CAD
  • Due to spasm of coronary artery
  • Decreases myocardial blood flow
  • More likely to have pain at rest and in early morning
  • Pain not brought on by exertion
  • More common in smokers and young patients with illicit drug use
  • Cocaine use or alcohol withdrawal
17
Q

Myocardial Infarction (MI)

A

a) ST-segment elevation (STEMI)

b) Non-ST-segment elevation (NSTEMI)

18
Q

STEMI MI

A
  • Can see changes on EKG
  • More extensive infarct
  • Higher hospital mortality rate
19
Q

NSTEMI MI

A
  • Can NOT see on EKG

- Smaller infarct

20
Q

Type 1 MI

A
  • Most common

- Due to atherosclerotic plaque rupture and thrombus formation

21
Q

Type 2 MI

A
  • 2nd most common
  • Due to vasospasm
  • NOT due to atherosclerotic plaque rupture
22
Q

Most complications of atherosclerosis are due to what?

A

Plaque rupture

23
Q

Where do plaque ruptures tend to occur

A
  • Junctions
  • Branches
  • Bends of vessels
24
Q

Platelet deposition

A
  • First step of hemostasis and thrombus formation

- Increased platelets with increased shear force (smaller vessels)

25
Q

Fibrinogen cross links help to develop what

A
  • Thrombin binds to fibrinogen

- Changing it to fibrin which makes a stable red thrombus

26
Q

Vulnerable plaque

A
  • Has more lipid core
  • Smaller fibrous cap
  • More prone to rupture
27
Q

Stable Plaque

A
  • Greater fibrous cap
  • Smaller lipid core
  • More stable, less prone to rupture
28
Q

History and risk factors

A
  • No physical findings are specific for angina
  • Characteristics of pain
  • Pain for 10 to 20mins for unstable angina
  • Pain for up to 1hr with NSTEMI MI
  • Pain greater than 1hr for STEMI MI
29
Q

T-wave inversion

A
  • Ischemia

- Infarction

30
Q

ST-Segment depression

A
  • Ischemia

- Infarction

31
Q

ST-Segment elevation

A

-Infarction

32
Q

Exercise Tolerance Testing (ETT)

A
  • Assesses the severity and prognosis of CAD

- Positive test indicated by angina, ECG chances, or dysrhythmias

33
Q

Radionuclide Imaging

A
  • Patient is put under stress then myocardial imaging is done
  • More extensive than ETT
34
Q

Coronary Angiography

A
  • Definitive diagnosis of CAD
  • Allows determination of location and extent of atherosclerosis
  • Used when bypass surgery or angioplasty are being contemplated
  • Does NOT give functional information
35
Q

Cardiac Enzymes

A
  • CK or CPK
  • MM = muscle
  • BB= brain
  • MB = myocardium

Pharm 835 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions