ischemic heart disease

Question 1

what is the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis?

Answer 1

1. Endothelial injury –> increase vascular permeability, leukocyte adhesion, thrombosis –> accumulation of LDL in vessel wall
2. monocyte entry into intima and differentiation –> macorphages –> foam cells –> oxidation of LDL by free radicals from macrophages and uptake of oxidised LDL by macrophages –> foam cells (fatty streak)
3. death of foam cells (necrotic core)
4. release of factors, stimulating migration of smooth muscle cells and platelets
5. adhesion of platelet, accumulation of ECM molecules (fiibrous cap)
6. atheroma (plaque) = lipid accumulation + necrotic core + fibrous cap)
   once the fibrous cap is broken down the plaque can rupture, causing thrombosis of the atheroma

Question 2

what is the progressional of atherosclerosis

Answer 2

1. initial lesions
2. fatty streak
3. immediate lesion
4. atheroma
5. fibroatheroma
6. complicated lesions

Question 3

what are the risk factors for atherosclerosis

Answer 3

Hypertension
age
smoking
hyperlipidemia
viruses
toxins
immune reactions