Ischemic Heart Disease Flashcards
Angina
myocardial ischemia which usually manifests as chest pain
What are conditions that can manifest as chest pains
CAD, Vasospasm, low cardiac output state
What increases oxygen demand
Tachycardia, HTN, increased contractility
What decreased oxygen supply
anemia, hypoxemia, CAD or acute thrombosis, coronary vasospasm, hypotension
stable angina
exterional, relieved with rest or vasodilators, diseased coronary artery is dilated post-stenoisis, vasospasm could be cause
unstable angina
angina occurs at rest, coronary artery plaque rupture, considered an acute coronary syndrome (ACS)
What is the most common cause of heart disease
atherosclerotic plaque
what are risk factors for CAD
male, HTN, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, family history, tobacco abuse, obesity
what are treatments for CAD
lifestyle changes, medica, percutaneous coronary interventions, CABG
what are medications for CAD
B-blockers, CCB, nitrates, ACE-I, ASA, Statins
What is the goal during CAD anesthetic managemetn
to maximize favorable oxygen supply and demand relationship
What do we look for on an EKG for infarction
ST segment elevation, depression, and T wave inversion
Cardiac enzymes MI
elevated levels as a result of leak from injured myocardium
Transmural MI
usually secondary to obstruction in a major coronary artery, ST elevation
Subendocardial MI
ST depression
What is the etiology of heart failure
ichemic, hypertensive, dilated
what is heart failure
inability of the heart to provide adequate cardiac output to maintain the needs of the body
what is systolic heart failure
contractility is inadequate to maintain needed cardiac output
what is diastolic heart failure
impaired relaxation leading to impaired filling and therefore decreased cardiac output
What is Class I HF
symptoms of HF only at activity levels that would limit normal individuals
What is Class II HF
Symptoms of HF with ordinary exertion
What is Class III HF
Symptoms of HF with less than ordinary exertion
What is Class IV HF
symptoms of HF at rest
