Ischemic Heart Disease

Question 1

Angina

Answer 1

myocardial ischemia which usually manifests as chest pain

Question 2

What are conditions that can manifest as chest pains

Answer 2

CAD, Vasospasm, low cardiac output state

Question 3

What increases oxygen demand

Answer 3

Tachycardia, HTN, increased contractility

Question 4

What decreased oxygen supply

Answer 4

anemia, hypoxemia, CAD or acute thrombosis, coronary vasospasm, hypotension

Question 5

stable angina

Answer 5

exterional, relieved with rest or vasodilators, diseased coronary artery is dilated post-stenoisis, vasospasm could be cause

Question 6

unstable angina

Answer 6

angina occurs at rest, coronary artery plaque rupture, considered an acute coronary syndrome (ACS)

Question 7

What is the most common cause of heart disease

Answer 7

atherosclerotic plaque

Question 8

what are risk factors for CAD

Answer 8

male, HTN, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, family history, tobacco abuse, obesity

Question 9

what are treatments for CAD

Answer 9

lifestyle changes, medica, percutaneous coronary interventions, CABG

Question 10

what are medications for CAD

Answer 10

B-blockers, CCB, nitrates, ACE-I, ASA, Statins

Question 11

What is the goal during CAD anesthetic managemetn

Answer 11

to maximize favorable oxygen supply and demand relationship

Question 12

What do we look for on an EKG for infarction

Answer 12

ST segment elevation, depression, and T wave inversion

Question 13

Cardiac enzymes MI

Answer 13

elevated levels as a result of leak from injured myocardium

Question 14

Transmural MI

Answer 14

usually secondary to obstruction in a major coronary artery, ST elevation

Question 15

Subendocardial MI

Answer 15

ST depression

Question 16

What is the etiology of heart failure

Answer 16

ichemic, hypertensive, dilated

Question 17

what is heart failure

Answer 17

inability of the heart to provide adequate cardiac output to maintain the needs of the body

Question 18

what is systolic heart failure

Answer 18

contractility is inadequate to maintain needed cardiac output

Question 19

what is diastolic heart failure

Answer 19

impaired relaxation leading to impaired filling and therefore decreased cardiac output

Question 20

What is Class I HF

Answer 20

symptoms of HF only at activity levels that would limit normal individuals

Question 21

What is Class II HF

Answer 21

Symptoms of HF with ordinary exertion

Question 22

What is Class III HF

Answer 22

Symptoms of HF with less than ordinary exertion

Question 23

What is Class IV HF

Answer 23

symptoms of HF at rest