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ISAR Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 components of overall fitness?

A 
SAFE
...strength
...agility
...flexibility
...endurance
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2
Q

What are the attributes of mental health?

A 
Be...
Thorough
Confident and willing to learn
Conscientious 
Assertive
A team player 
Humble and know your limitations
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3
Q

What are the qualities of a SAR individual?

A

PHACKS…
Proficient…being adept at what you do
Humble…modest & identifying one’s shortcomings
Able…capable physically and mentally
Competent…the ability to perform a task
Knowledgeable…understand…study & experience
Solicitous…concern for well being of others

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4
Q

Define Search

A

Identify and locate persons who are or may
become distressed or injured and are
unable to return to a place of safety on their own.

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5
Q

Define Rescue

A 
Access, stabilize and evacuate 
distressed or injured persons, 
by whatever means necessary, 
to ensure their timely transfer to 
an appropriate care facility or familiar environment.
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6
Q

What is the LAST philosophy?

A

Locate
Access
Stabilize
Transport

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7
Q

What are the components of SAR?

A 
1 Preplanning
2 Notification
3 Planning and strategy 
4 Operations and tactics 
5 Suspension 
6 Critique
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8
Q

What is a standard of care?

A

How one acts or behaves is called a standard of care

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9
Q

Define negligence

A

Negligence is the failure to provide the same care someone with similar training would provide in a similar situation. 4 factors:
Duty…the rescuer had a duty to act
Breach of duty…rescuer failed that duty
Damages…the subject was injured or harmed
Causes…the rescuer’s failure caused the harm

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10
Q

What are the traits and characteristics of a SAR responder?

A 
Professional
Competent
Prepared
Focused
Trained
Caring...so that others may live
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11
Q

Why do local law enforcement agencies have responsibility for SAR within their jurisdiction?

A

The SAR incident could end up as a homicide, suicide or abduction.

Also need to maintain continuity of chain of evidence.

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12
Q

What are the principles of the National Response Framework (NRF)?

A 
Engaged partnerships
Tiered response
Scalable, flexible and adequate op. capabilities 
Unity of effort through unified command
Readiness to act
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13
Q

What are the congressionally mandated missions of the Civil Air Patrol (CAP)?

A

Aerospace education and safety
Cadet program
Emergency services

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14
Q

Why was the national SAR plan (NSP) developed?

A

The NSP was developed to provide guidance to signatory federal agencies for coordinating civil SAR services to meet domestic needs and international commitments.

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15
Q

What is the National Response Framework (NRF) Emergency Response Function (SAR) for?

A

Structural collapse (urban) search and rescue
Waterborne SAR
Inland/wildernesses SAR
Aeronautical SAR

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16
Q

What does the National Response Framework (NRF) do?

A

Describes how all groups work together.

Describes specific authorities and best practices.

Builds on National Incident Response System (NIMS) which provides a consistent template for managing incidents

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17
Q

What are the functional areas if the Incident Command System (ICS)?

A 
Command
Operations
Planning
Logistics
Finance/administration
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18
Q

Who comprises the Command Staff

A

Incident Commander
Liaison officer
Information officer
Safety officer

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19
Q

What functions make up the general staff of the ICS?

A

Operations Section chief
Planning section chief
Logistics section chief
Finance/admin section chief

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20
Q

What’s the difference between a Strike Team and Task Force?

A

A strike team is comprised of similar resources.
A task force may mix different types of resources.
Both have communications and a leader.

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21
Q

What’s the difference between a Group and Division?

A

A group divides resources into functional areas.

Divisions divide resources by geographical areas.

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22
Q 
What are the position titles for...
Sections
Branches
Divisions/Groups
Strike Teams or Task Forces
Units
A 
Section Chief
Branch Director
Division or Group Supervisor
Strike Team or Task Force Leader
Unit Leader
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23
Q

What are the 10 features of the Incident Command System (ICS)?

A

Common terminology
Modular organization…expands from top down
Chain of command
Unity of command…report to just one supervisor
Unified command

Span of control...3 to 7 per supervisor, ideally 5
Pre-designed incident facilities 
Resource management
Integrated communications 
Transfer of command
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24
Q 
Locate the following parts of a compass...
Scales
Direction of travel arrow
Index pointer
Declination marks
Orientating arrow
Orientations lines
Sighting mirror
A

See picture or compass

25
Q

What are the 2 methods used to determine a bearing?

A

Eye level

Waist high

26
Q

What data should be present on all land maps?

A

Accurate description of terrain in scale realistic for resources.
Major terrain features…hills, valleys, ridges.
Man-made features…roads, buildings, trails.
Accurate measurable relief, elevation, contour.
A georeferencing coordinate system.
Location of water and water courses.

27
Q

What type of map would be used for a city?

A

Plainimetric

28
Q

One inch equals what distance on a U.S. Geographical Survey (USGS) map?

A

2000 feet

Scale is 1:24,000 and 7.5 minutes

29
Q 
On a topographic map what do the following colors represent...
Black
Red
Blue
Brown
Green
White
Purple
A 
Black...man-made...roads, tracks, buildings
Red...major roads, towns, cities
Blue...water features
Brown...contour lines and earth features
Green...denser vegetation 
White...cultivated or cleared areas
Purple...updates
30
Q

Name 5 methods of navigation

A 
Celestial 
Pilotage...natural and man-made features
Dead reckoning...course and speed
Off-course...aiming off to side of destination
Electronic
31
Q

What coordinates are written first?

A

Latitude

32
Q

What are the categories of SAR resources?

A

Human and animal…canine and equestrian
Informational
Equipment and Technology

33
Q

What type of search teams are there?

A

Hasty Search Teams…2 or 3 highly mobile people
Grid Search Teams…loose/open or tight/closed
Human Trackers…deploy before area disturbed
Search Management Teams
Interview and Investigation Teams

34
Q

Name 3 types of rope rescue team

A

Technical Rope Rescue Teams
Urban SAR
Mountain Rescue Association (MAR) of teams

35
Q

What are the specialties of water rescue teams?

A

Tidal
Lakes
Swift-water

36
Q

Name the different types of canines

A 
Air Scent...do not discriminate 
Tracking...do discriminate 
Police...sniff and bite dogs (not usual for SAR)
Trailing...use both tracking and air scent
Human Remains Detection
Disaster...scent in debris
Avalanche...scent in snow
Water Search...shoreline or on boat
37
Q

Name some specialist organizations that can help SAR

A

Alzheimer’s Assoc. MedicAlert + Safe Return Works…dementia subjects

National Center for Missing and Exploited Children – Team Adam…retired law enforcement people

National Center for Missing Adults…clearinghouse

38
Q

What are other assistant teams that help SAR?

A

Emergent (Convergent) Volunteers…not trained or equipped. Criminal check advised

Critical Incident Stress Management Teams (CISM)…mental health, EMP, peers, clergy

CERT

Salvation Army
American Red Cross
Meteorologists 
HAM operators
Hazardous materials teams 
Cave Rescue Teams
Mine Rescue Teams
39
Q

Name some rescue equipment

A 
Aircraft
ATVs, motorcycles...noisy, focus on driving
Forward looking infra-red (FLIR)
Sonar
Sound and vibration devices
Thermal imaging devices
Avalanche Beacons
GPS devices
40
Q

What is the Theoretical Search Area?

A

The Theoretical Search Area is the distance the subject could have travelled in the time elapsed.

41
Q

What are the 7 “Crucials” of SAR?

A

Search is an emergency.

Maximize the probability of success in the minimum amount of time with the right resources.

Search is a Classical Mystery…clues > subjects.
Search for clues and the subject.
Focus on aspects important to the search.
Know if the subject leaves the search area.
Use a Tight Grid Search as a last resort.

42
Q

Define…
POS
POA
POD

A

Probably of Success…tactic in search area
Probably of Area (%)
Probably of Detection…what clue = what resources

POS = POA x POD

43
Q

Define…
LKP
PLS
IPP

A

Last known point…verified
Place last seen…someone can confirm sighting
Initial planning point…located at LKP or PLS

44
Q

What is a clue?

A

A clue is an object or fact that may help solve a problem or mystery.

45
Q

What is a sign?

A

A sign is any evidence of change from the natural state that is inflicted on an environment by a person’s or animal’s passage.

46
Q

What is clue awareness?

A

Clue awareness is having the training and experience to understand…

The importance of clues to the overall search effort.

Why we focus search efforts for clues and not specifically the subject.

Which clues could possibly be found that could be associated with the lost person.

How, when and where to search an area.
The importance of searching at night.
The lack of clues is also a clue.

47
Q

What is Clue Orientation Theory?

A

Clue Orientation Theory is the ability to logically theorize the correlation of a clue to the lost person in a methodical approach.

48
Q

What’s the difference between planning and searching data?

A

Planning data helps the Planning Section plan a strategy. This may include maps, weather, subject’s trip plans, relevant lost person statistical data.

Searching data helps searchers search. This may include the subject’s name, description, clothing, footwear and items he/she may be carrying.

49
Q

What are the general clue categories?

A

Physical…sign or track, dropped items.

Recorded…signatures on trail registers, marks on map.

Testimonial…clues from interviews/investigations.

Analytical…separate things into constituent parts to study them, draw conclusions, and solve problems.
…Sensory…hearing, smelling
…Probable…could belong to subject

50
Q

What factors can reduce a clues life span?

A

Weather…wind, rain, snow, heat

Time

51
Q

What are the 2 categories of search tactics?

A

Indirect/passive Tactics
…containment, attraction, investigation

Direct/active Tactics
…hasty search, human trackers, trailing dogs

52
Q

What categories are on a Search Urgency Form.

A 
1 Age
2 Mental condition 
3 Number of Subjects 
4 Subject experience profile
5 Weather profile
6 Equipment profile
7 Terrain/hazards profile
53
Q

Want information might the Planning Chief provide in a General Briefing?

A 
General situation 
Overall strategies
Organization of mission and 
Identification of Command and General staff
Agencies providing resources 
General subject information
Safety briefing
54
Q

What are the stages of a SAR incident?

A 
Preplanning
Incident 
...first notice
...notification (resource call out)
...check in
...general and tactical briefings 
...assignment (4-6 hour operations)
...debriefing 
Checkout (and personal critique)
Mission suspension, maybe demobilization 
Return to service
Mission critique
55
Q

What are the Lost-person Behavior indicators?

A

How far can the subject travel?
How large should the search area be!
Where should containment tactics be used?
How thoroughly should we search?
What kind of clues should we be searching for!
How difficult will it be to detect the subject?
Will the subject respond or evade?
When is it time to suspend the search effort?

56
Q

How should planners use the subject behavioral profile?

A 
Determining the search strategy 
Defining the search area
Estimating resource needs
Mapping the search area
Briefing search teams
57
Q

What are the lost-person categories developed by William Syrotuck?

A 
Small children (1-6)
Children (6-12)
Hunters
Hikers 
Elderly (>65)
Miscellaneous
58
Q

What are the 4 essentials of an incident command system (ICS)?

A

Organizationally flexible for any size incident.

Day-to-day use for routine and major incidents.

Standards and common terminology to allow interagency cooperation.

Cost effective.

SAR (3 decks)

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