Isahon Nalang Nako Ni Flashcards
Enzyme na RNA made and not made of proteins
Ribozymes
Building up
Anabolic
Catabolic
Breaking down
Biological catalyst that speeds up reactions
Enzymes
Substrates are…
Enzyme binder that helps with chemical reactions. It should be the same w it’s enzyme
Where your enzyme and substrate combines
Active site
Not protein materials, but helps in the sitting of the enzyme in the active site
Coenzymes
What method does enzymes and active site use?
Lock and key
Example of enzyme catalyzing
Catalase breaking down hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen
Types of enzymes
•oxireductases
•transferases
•lyases/synthases
•isomerases
•ligases
•hydrolases
Why is DNA semi-conservative?
50/50 of old and new helix
Helps of passing through of electrons and redox reactions
Oxireductases
Describe transferases
The transfer of one functional muscle or molecule group to the other.
Same with transferase but the acceptor is water
Hydrolases
What lyases or synthases do?
Divides molecule and make it into new products. Breaking down of larger functional group to small.
Transfer of one functional group to the same molecule.it doe not alters its composition, but the formula does not change
Isomerase
What does ligases do?
Act as glue to seal molecules
Factors that affect enzyme activity
- Temperature
- pH level
- Concentration of enzyme
- Concentration of substrate
What is the suitable temperature of an enzyme, and what is its optimum rate?
5°c and 40°c
What happens if the enzymes are in high temperature?
deteriorates
What are the ranges of pH levels?
0-14
TRUE OR FALSE: Enzymes have the same optimum pH levels?
False, enzymes have different optimum pH levels
Low pH:
High hydrogen composition (acidic)
High pH:
Low Hydrogen composition (basic/alkaline)
pH levels always must be ______
Balanced
Increasing enzyme concentration:
Increasing reaction rate
Concentration of substrate is a limiting factor. As concentration increases:
The enzyme reaction rate increases
What happens if the substrate concentration is high?
The enzyme comes saturated, and higher concentration of substrate does not increase reaction rate
What is Denaturation? What happens if an enzyme denatured and what to do about it?
-The breaking up of protein, modifying its structure.
-It becomes useless
-It needs to be renatured
Pepsin
Loc: Stomach
Substrate: Peptide Bonds
Opt pH: 2
Urease
Loc: liver
Substrate: urea
Opt pH: 5
Sucrase
Loc:small intestine
Substrate: sucrose
Opt pH: 6.2
Pancreatic amylase
Loc: pancreas
Substrate: amylase
Opt pH: 7
Trypsin
Loc: small intestine
Substrate: Peptide Bonds
Opt pH: 8
Arginase
Loc: Liver
Substrate: Arginine
Opt pH: 9.7
Term called for the green pigment of plants
Chlorophyll
What is a chloroplast?
A place where the chlorophyll resides
What does chlorophyll do?
Absorbs light energy to synthesize CO2 and water to create glucose and oxygen
The food making process by plants and other food making organisms
Photosynthesis
Who are the principle pigments
Cholophyll a
Bacteriochlorophyll
Accessory pigments
Chlorophyll b
Chlorophyll c
Chlorophyll d
Carotene
Xantophyll
Phycoerethrin
Phycocyanin
Carotenoids:
Carotene
Xantophyll
Phycobilins
Phycoerethrin
Phycocyanin
Phycocyanin
A: orange-red
R: blue
Found in: red algae and cyanobacteria
Phycoerethrin
A: dim & blue
R: red
Found in: red algae and cyanobacteria
Xantophyll
A: blue - violet
R: brown - yellow
Found in: all plants
Carotene
A: blue-violet
R: red-orange
Found in: all plants
Chlorophyll c & d
A: red-blue
R: yellow-green
Found in: plants, multicelled algae and single celled algae (diatoms)
Chlorophyll b
A: blue-orange
R: yellow-green
Found in: plants, multicelled algae and single celled algae (diatoms)
Bacteriochlorphyll
A: red-violet
R: reddish-purple
Found in: phototrophic bacteria
Chlorophyll a
A: blue-violet and red
R: green
Found in: all plants
What are biological pigments?
Materials produced by living things that have a color w/h results from selective color absorption.
These are molecules that trap or absorb light from any source of visible light
Photoreceptors
