ISA Practice exam Flashcards
What is the ideal soil ratio for solids to pore space?
50:50
What is the correct scientific name for the oak tree genus?
Quercus
Name the 5 major soil horizons
O E A B and C
Loam is least composed of what soil classification?
Clay. Loam has silt, sand and clay but least of all clay.
What is the difference in magnitude of acidity between a PH level reading of 4 vs 7
- PH scale is exponential
What are some detrimental impacts on tree growth due to compaction?
Restriction of root growth, reduction of water availability, and restriction of air movement.
Field capacity is achieved after the draining of what?
Gravitational water
What defines the permanent wilting point soil moisture condtion?
Water is held by soil but unavailable to plants such that they cant recover.
Which soil is likely to have the lowest infiltration rate?
Compacted clay
What major soil horizon category is not included in the zone designated as topsoil?
C
What soil type is most easily compacted?
Clay
What is not a tree characteristic which helps to prevent the loss of water?
Increased leaf surface area
Which irrigation system type provides water slowly to specific areas of the tree root zone?
Drip irrigation
What are some ways that trees help to control stormwater runoff?
trees hold water on bark and leaves, roots intercept and retain runoff, and fallen leaves crease a layer of absorption on the ground.
What are some advantages of mulching?
Reduce soil evaporation, promotes deep root system, and limits weed competition.
What is the minimum slope for drainage pipes placed above an impervious layer?
1/4’’ per foot
What is the main function of a rain garden?
Collect and hold stormwater runoff
What macronutrients most often has the largest requirement for the health of trees?
Nitrogen
What essential element is more readily available in an acidic environment than alkaline?
Iron
Nitrogen is present in soil mostly due to what?
Organic matter
A 25-lb bag of fertilizer has a 10-4-6 analysis. How many pounds of potassium are in the bag?
1-lb
Required fertilizer distribution rates for quick release are _________ than for that of slow release.
Less
What project factor has a detrimental effect on the surface application of fertilizer?
Surface runoff
What element can be classified as a micronutrient?
Iron
What method of fertilizer application may result in the development of thick patches of grass in spots surrounding the tree?
Liquid injection
What characteristic is used to differentiate between vascular plant classifications?
Seeds
Which has the broadest level of taxonomic hierarchy? Genus, Order, Class or Family?
Class (DKPCOFGS)
What characteristic is used to differentiate between a simple leaf and a compound leaf?
Number of leaflets
What major group of conifers is defined by needles borne in clusters?
Pine
What leaf margin type is characterized by having smooth edges?
Entire
A tree is to be planted close to a newly built retaining wall for beautification. What habit is most likely appropriate for the selection of the tree?
Upright
What characteristic is associated with dicots rather than monocots?
Floral parts usually in multiples of four or five
Hardiness refers to a plant’s ability to survive what?
Low temperatures
Name a tree that has a palmate compound leaf.
Buckeye
What statement is true regarding deciduous trees?
Blocks light in the summer and allows light in the winter
What USDA hardiness zone has an average annual extreme temperature of -60 to -50 degrees Fahrenheit?
13
What is the minimum distance from the edge of a planting hole to any buried utility?
18” from hole to utility
What is a tree species that is best suited for heavy shade?
Willow
What tree species is highly tolerant of storm damage?
Live oak
the first part of a tree’s scientific name indicates what?
Genus
Sweating is a pre-planting procedure often required for what nursery stock types?
Bare root
When is it acceptable to plant a nursery stock tree without removal of the root protection?
When using a biodegradable container
What is the minimum number of primary roots that must be buried to 3 inches below the soil surface when transferring nursery stock?
2
During tree installation, it is determined that there are 2 inches of soil over the structural roots? the root ball is measured to be 14 inches deep. How deep should the planting hole be?
12 inches
How far above ground shall tree caliper be measured for trees less than 4 inches in diameter?
6
What is not a recommended course of action for a newly transplanted tree?
Fertilizer
What situation may be advantageous for a transplant to occur during winter?
Large trees in colder climates
What is a potential disadvantage of the use of a tree wrap?
Holds in moisture
What is the most appropriate approach to the amount of pruning to be completed for newly planted trees?
Only limbs that are broken or damaged
Eye screws used to install guy wires on larger trees may be left in place in which of the following situations?
If not able to be removed with the guy wires
What term below is universally acknowledged in standers as denoting a mandatory requirement?
Shall
What personal protective equipment is specifically required only for the use of chain saws?
Leg chaps
What is the preferred retreat path for a felling tree operation?
45- degrees off the opposite fell path
What level of contact is acceptable when working near electrical lines?
No level of contact is acceptable
According to OSHA standards, what is the minimum working clearance to any overhead lines if the voltage is less than 50KV?
10 feet
What class of rubber Insulting protective equipment (IPE) is rated for use of an AC voltage up to 36kV?
4
What portion of a chainsaw will potentially cause a kickback if contacted by an object?
Upper portion of the tip
What is the minimum hinge angular dimension for properly felling a tree?
70 degrees
What is a disadvantage of 3-strand type rope?
Tendency to twist
What safety factor is typically used for arborist rigging?
5
What hazard is specific concern related to the removal of palm trees?
Slouging
What is the first step in urgent care procedures?
Assess the safety of the surroundings
A tree that splits during a backcut in an upward direction is which of the following?
Barberchair
What is the most commonly appropriate length of a hinge?
80% of the tree diameter
The correct location for a backcut on a conventional notch shall be:
Above the apex of the notch
A rope has a tensile limit of 15,000 lbs. What is the working load limit for a safety factor of 10?
1,500
What knot type is not commonly used as a climbing hitch?
Figure 8
Which of the following is a false statement regarding the use of snaps for securing the climbing line?
May be self-closing or assisted closing
What is the minimum required tensile strength in the United States for carabiners?
5,000 lbs.
What rope type has the highest amount of elongation when loaded?
Nylon and polypropylene
What rope type has a core that can share the load with the outer cover?
Double braid
What statement is tree regarding the relationship between the magnitude of loading and a rope’s fatigue life?
A higher load decreases the number of cycles to failure.
What knot type is commonly used for securing equipment to a tree?
Timber hitch
What climbing technique uses a Prusik loop to increase safety?
Footlocking
What climbing equipment is permitted only for use on trees which are to be remove?
Spurs
What is the minimum recommended main branch diameter for a tie off point?
4’’
What rigging technique has a high anticipated shock-loading?
Butt-hitching
The most common recommended cut type for the removal of limbs is which of the following?
At the base of the limb
When making a snap cut, the second cut is located:
Opposite and above the first cut
For a rope that is 3/4’’ in diameter, what is the minimum recommended pully diameter?
3’’
Carabiners shall not be loaded in which of the following orientations?
Sideways, against the gate or along the minor axis.
What type of meristems produce cells which increase the diameter of the tree?
Secondary
What species of tree is no classified as ring porus?
Maple
What tissue produced by the cambium is closer to the outer portion of the tree?
Phloem
What is not one of the main functions of the xylem?
Moving of carbohydrates
The dominant bud which is most active on the branch or twig is called?
Terminal
What type of tree will form an abscission zone as necessary?
Deciduous
Vertical roots formed to increase the anchorage of the system are known as:
Sinker roots
What element is released as a part of the process of photosynthesis?
O2
According to the Shigo CODIT model, what wall of defense is not included in the reaction zone?
- protects against outward spread
Biologically, palms are similar to what?
Grass
At what depth in the soil are the majority of roots for palm trees?
12-18 inches
The preferred location of a thinning pruning cut in general is:
To the outside of the branch collar
What is not a common characteristic of codominant stems?
No presence of included bark
A tree is damaged heavily in a storm and only a few branches are remaining. What is most likely the appropriate pruning cut to try to save the tree?
Heading
What is not a detrimental effect as a result of topping?
Slowed new growth
What is not an advantage of structural pruning?
Reduced equipment
When selecting the permanent branch which of the following parameters shall apply?
It shall be the lowest branch, it shall be selected based on tree function, and it shall be less than half the diameter of the trunk
What is the max recommended percentage of removal of a canopy per year?
25%
What component of a branch attachment has the ability to chemically prevent the spread of decay?
Branch protection zone
What type of mature tree pruning is specifically done to provide a better view past the tree?
Vista Pruning
Healthy fronds on palm trees hall not be removed if they are less than what angle to the stem?
90 degrees
A tree can be defined as decurrent when:
New lateral shoots outgrow the original terminal shoots
What is not a primary function of tree roots?
Defense
The removal of an excessive amount of inner lateral branches causing a poor distribution of foliage is:
Lion Tailing
Fungi can be beneficial to a tree, despite using the tree for food, by aiding in what root function?
Absorption
What is the relationship that must exist between production rates of photosynthesis and respiration?
Respiration < Photosynthesis
Water movement within the tree between different aged cells is what type of transport?
Radial
What wound dressing has been proven to increase the rate of repair?
No dressing can improve the rate of repair
What type of cuts are done initially when using pollarding as a pruning technique for young trees?
Internodal
Sterilization of pruning tools is necessary when:
Disease exists in the tree
What type of pruning shears are best suited for growing branches and stems?
Bypass
What pruning technique is used to increase light penetration and air movement?
Thinning
What pruning tool is most likely best for branches up to 2 1/2’’ thick?
Lopper
What is not an acceptable alternative to tree topping?
Pruning saw
What is the most appropriate space between permanent branches?
3 % of the tree height
What is the typical minimum clearance from the ground to the lowest permanent branch for a tree which will accommodate pedestrian traffic?
8 ft
What statement regarding how trees heal is false?
Smaller cuts are more damaging than larger ones
What plant health risk is not an organic threat?
Mineral deficiencies
Localized dead stem tissue which may be discolored is what type of tree disorder symptom?
Canker
What is the most accurate description of the tree disorder chlorosis?
Yellowing of green tissue
What example of tree stressors can be classified as acute?
Lightning strike
What is most likely not a possible cause of deformed leaves?
Air pollution
What tree symptom is not likely to be caused by insect infestation?
Leaves with a scorched appearance
Name an insect that has a piercing or sucking mouthpart
Leafhoppers
What herbicide type eliminates the whole of the plant over a short period of time?
Systemic
If a tree is suffering from girdling root, what is most likely not an advisable action?
Remove the largest root first
Which of the following is not classified as an insect?
Mites
Vascular disease is treatable if found in a reasonable timeframe
True or false
False
Cellulouse and ligin are a defense mechanism against predators by what means?
They can’t be digested
A tree exhibits wounded areas of the lower trunk and some physical damage to surface roots. What is the most likely cause of the injury?
Lawnmower or machinery
What is not one of the primary functions of the energy produced by photosynthesis?
Aesthetics
How does a tree’s growth rate and photosynthesis rate reacts to the amount of available resources?
The growth rate will be limited before the photosynthesis rate
What single resource has the most detrimental effect on a tree’s ability to perform photosynthesis if limited?
There is no single resource that is the most detrimental. Light water and CO2 combined impact photosynthesis
What extract listed below is not an allelochemical classified as a natural insecticide?
Lignin
A tree is identified as being in the mortality spiral when what has occured?
Cumulative stress factors have yielded a situation where very few actions can save the tree
The foundation element of an appropriate response process (ARP) is what?
Monitoring
What is not a characteristic of any organism classified as a pest?
May also contribute to the surrounding landscape
Key stressors are identified by what criteria?
Identifying local pests and conditions which may be detrimental
Key plants can be identified by which of the following criteria?
Client specified indications, specific species, and susceptibility to specific pests.
For a threshold temperature of 50 degrees, determine the average degree day unit value for temperatures over a 3-day span of 85, 76, and 82 degrees.
31 degrees.
85+76+82=243/3= 81-50=31
What statement regarding landscapes with a monoculture of plantings is true?
They are more susceptible to pest problems
What is not one of the three options available for plant health care professionals to manage pests?
Manage
What is not a means of biological control for pest populations?
Miticides
After application of pesticides, it is found that the original threat has died off, but a new contingency of mites has developed as a threat. This development is classified as which of the following?
Secondary outbreak the
potential side effect of phytotoxic injury if used during dry periods?
Horticultural oil
When valuing the cost of a tree, when is it most appropriate to use the CTLA trunk formula method?
Larger sized trunks
If a threshold temperature is established as 50 degrees, what is the degree day unit recorded for a day with a temperate of 30 degrees?
0 degrees
What type of ordinance would stipulate the requirements of trees that fall within two pieces of property?
Right-of-way
What is not considered a benefit of trees in an urban setting for environmental advantages?
Increased runoff for better flow of drainage
The value of green infrastructure ___________ over time.
Increases
A tree is measured to have a drip line to drip line distance of 66ft. using a canopy cover estimation of the tree as a circle how many trees would it take to cover one acre?
13
What is the commonly accepted reasonable maximum amount of a single plant family within an overall tree population?
30 %
What is not a common subcomponent of an urban forest management plan?
Tree inventory
According to ANSI 300, what is the acceptable situation to remove healthy fronds from a palm tree?
Needed for clearance
What ANSI A 300 defined pruning system is recommended when the objective is a specific shape?
Topiary
What elements of a tree are involved in sequestering of CO2?
Trunk, branches, and leaves.
For proper composting, which of the following is not required to be present?
Pathogens
Tree preservation orders are established and reinforced by which of the following entities?
Local authorities
A town has recently acquired a golf course and is deciding how best to proceed with the land. The local tree inventory needs to be updated to fully include the newly acquired assets. What type of inventory needs to occur in this situation?
Partial
