IS LAB GOT Flashcards
1
Q
a laboratory technique that involves the removal of antibodies by the use of a specific antigen
A
Absorption
2
Q
The proximity or closeness of a value to a true value
A
Accuracy
3
Q
incurred due to external factors and is not inherited
A
Acquired
4
Q
normal serum constituents that increase or decrease in the presence of an infection, injury, or trauma to tissues
A
Acute-phase proteins
5
Q
normal serum constituents associated with inflammatory reactions
A
Acute-phase proteins
6
Q
a substance added to vaccines to potentiate or enhance the immune response of the recipient
A
Adjuvant
7
Q
examples of this substance include alum and Freund’s ____
A
Adjuvant
8
Q
the key enzyme in glycolytic cycle of Plasmodium parasite
A
Aldolase
9
Q
a process of attachment of one substance to the surface of another
A
Adsorption
10
Q
attachment of an antibody to a specific antigen receptor on a cell surface
A
Adsorption
11
Q
binding strength between an antigenic determinant (epitope) and its complementary site (paratope) in the Fab region of the antibody
A
Affinity
12
Q
absence of all immunoglobulins in the serum
A
Agammaglobulinemia
13
Q
aggregation or clumping of cellular or particulate antigens to their corresponding antisera containing antibodies
A
Agglutination
14
Q
antibody capable of causing agglutination with multivalent surface antigens usually belonging to IgM class
A
Agglutinin
15
Q
particulate or cellular antigen involved in agglutination or aggregation
A
Agglutinogen
16
Q
enzyme that liberates inorganic phosphates from phosphate esters
A
Alkaline phosphatase
17
Q
enzyme used as an indicator label in immunoassays
A
Alkaline phosphatase
18
Q
alternative form/s of a gene at a particular locus or specific position on a chromosome
A
Allele
19
Q
antigen that triggers an allergic or hypersensitivity reaction
A
Allergen
20
Q
adjuvant commonly added to human vaccines
A
Alum
21
Q
an anti-sheep RBC antibody that causes hemolysis of sheep RBCs in the presence of complement
A
Amboceptor
22
Q
rapid rise in the immunoglobulin concentration following subsequent exposure to an antigen
A
Anamnestic response
23
Q
also known as secondary immune response or booster response
A
Anamnestic response
24
Q
an immunoglobulin formed in response to an antigen
A
Antibody
25
highest dilution of a sample that still results in a visible reaction (i.e. agglutination)
Antibody titer
26
substance that , when introduced into the body, stimulates antibody production
Antigen
27
union of an antibody with its homologous antigen
Antigen-antibody complex
28
accessory cells present in tissues that process antigens and display fragments on the cell surface in association with a Class II major histocompatibility complex molecules (ex. dendritic cells and macrophages)
Antigen-presenting cells (APC)
29
number of antigenic determinants on an antigen
Antigen valency
30
specific region of an antigen that is recognized by the B- or T-cell receptors
Antigen determinant
31
ability of a substance to react with immune products
Antigenicity
32
an autoimmune antibody directed against a nuclear component usually seen in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
Antinuclear antibody (ANA)
33
antibody produced against streptolysin O, a hemolysin produced by group A Streptococcus
Antistreptolysin O (ASO)
34
suppressor and cytotoxic T-cells capable of recognizing and killing B-cells infected by viruses such as Epstein-Barr virus
Atypical lymphocytes
35
also known as reactive lymphocytes
Atypical lymphocytes
36
former name of the hepa B surface antigen
Australia antigen
37
the condition in which an immune response is initiated by "self" antigens
Autoimmunity
38
the sum total binding strength between an antigen and antibody
Avidity
39
a lymphocyte that originated from the bone marrow
B-cell
40
cells of the adaptive immune response that possess surface antibodies that are specific to an epitope
B-cell
41
protein not normally present in human blood but is present in a wide variety of inflammatory reactions
C-reactive protein
42
characterized by the ability to react with the C-polysaccharide component of pneumococci
C-reactive protein
43
substance composed of fresh beef heart extract combined with lecithin and cholesterol
Cardiolipin
44
immunity that is dependent on T-cells and phagocytic cells
Cell-mediated immunity
45
the movement of cells such as neutrophils toward a stimulus
Chemotaxis
46
cell surface markers that are employed for immunophenotyping cells particularly lymphocytes
Cluster of designation (CD)
47
also known as cluster of differentiation
Cluster of designation (CD)
48
agglutinins that belong to the IgM class and are active at 4' C but not at 37' C
Cold agglutinins
49
humoral mechanism of non-specific immune responses of at least 14 components that proceed in a cascading sequence of activation, resulting in cell lysis
Complement
50
formerly known as alexin
Complement
51
has three pathways, namely, classical, alternative, and mannose-binding lectin
Complement
52
process of binding of complement in a rxn with an antigen and antibody
Complement fixation
53
substance similar to the patient sample that is used to monitor the precision of analytical tests
Control
54
protein molecule secreted by leukocytes that regulate immune response
Cytokine
55
hemagglutination test that defines the characteristics of the heterophile antibody through guinea pig and beef cell antigens
Davidsohn differential test
56
most common procedure for the separation of lymphocytes
Density gradient centrifugation
57
fluid containing antibodies deliberately removed from RBCs
Eluate
58
ligand assay that employs an enzyme label, and the binding reagent is an antibody
Enzyme immunoassay
59
specific region of antigen that is recognized by a B-cell or T-cell
Epitope
60
point of dilution in a serologic reaction in which there is maximal binding of the antigen and antibody as seen in precipitation reactions
Equivalence point
61
agglutinating antibodies that are produced in response to microorganisms that induce fever
Febrile agglutinins
62
type of precipitation that occurs over a narrow range of antigen concentration
Flocculation
63
involves the aggregation of colloidal particles described as a fleecy mass or clump
Flocculation
64
heterophile antibody that is found in serum samples of most normal individuals
Forssman antibody
65
substance that absorbs Forssman and serum sickness antibodies
Guinea pig kidney antigen
66
flagellar antigens
H-antigens
67
small non-immunogenic molecule that can function as an epitope if bound to a carrier molecule
Hapten
68
agglutination of RBC
Hemagglutination
69
substance that causes agglutination of erythrocytes
Hemagglutinin
70
rupturing / lysis of RBCs and the subsequent release of their content in the surrounding fluid
Hemolysis
71
ruptured erythrocytes
Hemolyzed
72
antibodies that are produced in an individual in response to an antigen that will also react w/ another unrelated antigen
Heterophile antibodies
73
retrovirus that causes disease affecting the immune system; etiologic agent of AIDS
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
74
adaptive immunity that involves the production of antibodies
Humoral immunity
75
reaction that demonstrates a specific antibody response to an antigen
Immune response
76
condition that is resistant to an infection
Immunity
77
lab method employed for the qualitative or quantitative detection of antibodies
Immunodiffusion
78
antigen capable of stimulating an immune response
Immunogen
79
outside the body; observable in a test tube
In vitro
80
within a living organism
In vivo
81
the process in which complement activity in a serum is nullified by heating
Inactivation
82
the total reaction of a body against an injury or invasion
Inflammation
83
capsular antigen
K antigen
84
structure that forms when a multivalent antigen binds to an antibody in optimal or maximal proportions
Lattice
85
a molecule that binds or forms a complex with a biologic molecule such as receptors, proteins, or antibodies
Ligand
86
antibody that causes the dissolution of cells
Lysin
87
collection of structural genes that code for proteins that can serve as antigen-presenting molecules in cell-mediated immunity as well as proteins needed in tissue transplantation
Major histocompatibility complex
88
refers to the presence of multiple copies of the same epitope within the same antigen
Multivalent
89
antigen-antibody rxn in which the reactive effect of a particular antigen is nullified by a specific antibody
Neutralization
90
qualitative test to determine defects in the NADPH oxidase
Nitroblue tetrazolium test
91
employed in the detection of chronic granulomatous disease
Nitroblue tetrazolium test
92
non-specific antibodies detected in patients with syphilis (ex. reagin and Wasserman antibodies)
Non-treponemal antibodies
93
somatic antigen
O-antigen
94
molecule that attaches itself to microorganisms or antigens to enhance phagocytosis
Opsonin
95
process wherein the antibody coats an antigen to allow a more effective phagocytosis
Opsonization
96
serum samples obtained from patients during the acute and convalescent phase
Paired sera
97
used to determine if there is a significant antibody titer increase
Paired sera
98
related to all or every or a large group
Panspecific
99
this antibody has a capability of recognizing different isoforms of protein
Panspecific
100
process wherein phagocytes engulf or eat microbes or particulate matter
Phagocytosis
101
fluid matrix of unclotted blood
Plasma
102
weak or negative antigen antibody-reaction that occurs when there is an antigen excess in the presence of a relatively low amount of antibody
Postzone reaction
103
antigen-antibody rxn between a soluble antigen and an antibody that produces an insoluble precipitate
Precipitation
104
antibody that interacts with a soluble antigen; IgG class are usually involved
Precipitin
105
tests that involve a specific recognition and interaction of an antigen to its corresponding antibody
Primary tests
106
examples include enzyme immunoassays and radioimmunoassays
Primary tests
107
more sensitive than secondary tests
Primary tests
108
weak or negative antigen-antibody rxn that occurs when serum containing antibodies is in excess in the presence of a relatively low amt of antigen
Prozone reaction
109
immunologic test that employs radioisotopes as labels for antigens or antibodies, complements, or other reactants
Radioimmunoassay
110
antibody-like substance produced in response to certain tissue invasion and destruction such as syphilis
Reagin
111
an IgM antibody produced in patients with rheumatoid arthritis which binds to the Fc portion of IgG
Rheumatoid factor
112
process in which cells are coated with incomplete or blocking antibodies such as IgG; does not result in agglutination
Sensitization
113
progressively higher dissolution of a substance arranged in a definite sequence or series
Serial dilution
114
detection of a specific antibody in the serum of an individual whose antibody was previously undetectable
Seroconversion
115
branch of biology that deals with the study of antigens and antibodies and their biologic relationships
Serology
116
fluid matrix of clotted blood
Serum
117
type of hypersensitivity reaction that involves the giving of non-human gamma globulins for immunization
Serum sickness
118
patients experience fever, rashes, lymphadenopathy and joint inflammation
Serum sickness
119
special affinity between an antigen and its corresponding antibody
Specificity
120
property of B- and T-cell receptors to recognize only one epitope
Specificity
121
thymus-derived lymphocyte involved in cell-mediated immunity
T-cell
122
biomarker found in elevated levels of body fluids in patients with neoplasms
Tumor markers
123
employed for monitoring of the progression of neoplasms
Tumor markers
124
antibody that is active at 37' C but not at 4'C (Ex. IgG)
Warm agglutinin
125
serologic test employing cross-reacting Proteus somatic antigens employed for the diagnosis of rickettsial diseases
Weil-Felix teste
126
febrile agglutination serologic test used to detect febrile agglutinins
Widal agglutination test
