Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Dermatology Board Prep > DERM (02) Eczematous Disease > Irritant contact dermatitis > Flashcards

Irritant contact dermatitis Flashcards

1
Q

What symptom is often reported in irritant over contact dermatitis?

A

Burning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What exam findings differentiate airborne allergic/irritant contact dermatitis vs photoallergic?

A

Involves the upper eyelids, philtrum, and submental areas.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the two categories of contact urticaria?

A

Immunologic and non-immunologic (see other eczematous reactions slide deck)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the most common cause of non-immunologic contact urticaria?

A

Stinging nettles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a key differentiator of irritant contact dermatitis vs allergic contact dermatitis?

A

There will be widely scattered necrotic epidermal keratinocytes, neutrophil-rich superficial perivascular infiltrate. MILD spongiosis (focal or absent).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What causes worse irritant contact dermatitis, alkalis or acids?

A

The alkalis are worse! They disrupt barrier lipids and denature proteins. They dissolve keratin and penetrate deeply

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the pattern of irritant diaper derm?

A

Spares the skin folds.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Difference between irritant and allergic contact derm?

A

Irritant is a diagnosis of exclusion –> so if a patch test can’t explain it. You can also get some from the hx of burning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is more common, irritant or allergic contact dermatitis?

A

Irritant by a lot (80% vs 20%)

Important to rule out irritant dermatitis clinically

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What occupations are most affected by contact dermatitis?

A

Manufacturing/mining (UK) and agricultural workers (USA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the most common industrial exposures that cause irritant contact dermatitis?

A

Soap>wet work>petroleum products> cutting oils > coolants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What groups are at the highest risk for contact dermatitis of any type?

A

Infants, elderly, and those w/ AD because of increased penetration of the chemicals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the pathogenesis of irritant contact dermatitis?

A

Direct damage of keratinocytes by irritant; not immune-mediated and does not require previous sensitization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the differences in the mechanisms of the different types of irritant contact dermatitis?

A

Acute: strong irritants (acids/bases) –>Direct damage to keratinocytes

Chronic (more common): repetitive use of mild irritants (soap/water), over time removes lipid and water-retaining substances of keratinocyte. This leads to increased transepidermal water loss and increased epidermal turnover and inflammation

Frictional irritants: Repeated rubbing, vibrations, and pressure

Cold temperature: low humidity and increased permeability ot irritants

Occlusion/maceration: increased humidity may increase permeability of water-soluble compounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the most common sites of involvement for irritant contact dermatitis?

A

Hands most common site of involvement, the face is #2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the morphology of irritant contact dermatitis?

A

Depends on the etiology (acute/chronic/frictional/etc)

-Vesicles and necrosis for acute and dryness, scaling, lichenification and fissuring with the more chronic

17
Q

What types of things can cause pustular/acneiform irritant contact dermatitis?

A

Metals, croton oil, monaural oils, tars, greases, cutting and metalworking fluids, and naphthalenes

18
Q

What type of reaction is phytophoto reaction?

A

It is irritant, phototoxic reaction

fucocoumarins + light (UVA: 320-400nm)

19
Q

What is the time course of phytophotodermatitis and its dermatopathology?

A

Fucocoumarins + UVA (320-400nm) –> erythema with or without blistering 24-72 hrs after the contact followed by hyperpigmentation 1-2 weeks later

20
Q

What is berloque dermatitis?

A

Pigmentation of the neck/trunk/arms from cologne application containing bergamot oil, which is a furcoumarin (5-methoxypsoralens)

21
Q

What is the mechanism of fiberglass dermatitis?

A

Injury via skin penetration –> pruritus/tingling –> papules

22
Q

What is the treatment for fiberglass dermatitis?

A

Talcum powder

23
Q

What is the pathophysiology of alkali-mediated ICD?

A

Corrosive: dissolve keratin and penetrate deeply (worse than acids)

24
Q

What are some examples of alkali’s that can cause ICD?

A

Strong: Ca/Na/K hydroxides; ammonia; lye

Other: Soap, detergent, bleaches, and depilatories

25
Q

Treatment of alkali mediated ICD?

A

Apply weak acid (vinegar/lemon juice)

26
Q

What is the pathophysiology of acid-mediated ICD?

A

Strong acids = corrosive, weaker acids = astringent (shrinks or constricts tissues)

27
Q

What is a distinctive feature of sulfuric acid ICD?

A

Causes severe burns and makes a brownish staining on the skin

28
Q

Where do people get exposed to sulfuric acid?

A

Brass and ironworkers, battery makers, jewelers, weapon of vitriol attacks

29
Q

What is a distinctive feature of nitric acid burns?

A

Burns w/ yellow discoloration

30
Q

What things is nitric acid found in?

A

Fertilizers, explosives

31
Q

What is unique about hydrofluoric acid ICD?

A

It penetrates deeply, can affect the bones, nerves, and is incredibly painful

-Sx’s can be delayed up to 24 hrs

32
Q

What is hydrofluoric acid used for/what industries might people be exposed to it in?

A

Used for dissolving/etching glass in the semiconductor industry

33
Q

Treatment for hydrofluoric acid burns?

A

Calcium gluconate gel, seek emergency care

34
Q

What skin findings are caused by hydrochloric acid?

A

Superficial burns –> produces blisters

35
Q

What cutaneous findings are caused by oxalic acid?

A

Paresthesia of fingertips; cyanosis; gangrene

36
Q

What skin findings are cause by phenol?

A

White eschar

Temporary anesthesia

37
Q

What systemic problems can phenol cause?

A

Can be absorbed –> cardiac arrhythmias and glomerulonephritis

38
Q

How are phenols neutralized on the skin?

A

65% ethyl EtOH or isopropyl EtOH

DERM (02) Eczematous Disease (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions