irrigation Flashcards
irrig. method that trench dug along crops and filled with water
furrow irrigation
easy and inexpensive, water seeps into soil slowly
furrow irrigation
furrow irrigation: ____% efficiency
____% lost to _____
~66% efficient, 33% lost to runoff and evaporation
irrig method that floods entire field
flood irrigation
flood irrigation: easier but ___?
more disruptive to plants
flood irrigation: can _____ and ____?
can waterlog the soil and drown plants
flood irrigation: ___% efficient and ___%runoff
80% efficient and 20% runoff
most efficient irrigation method but also most costly
drip irrigation
drip irrigation: over ___% efficient
over 95% efficient
holes in hose allow water to slowly drip out
drip irrigation
pros of drip irrigation?
avoids waterlogging and conserves water
ground or surface water pumped to spray nozzles; irrigation method
spray irrigation
spray irrigation; more ____ but more ____
more efficient (less water loss) but
more expensive (requires energy for pumps)
solution to waterlogging?
drip irrigation, soil aeration
process of sait building up in a soil over time
soil salinization
soil salinization is bad because?
as water evaporates and salt is left behind soil, it can reach toxic levels, dehydrating plant roots
how to solve soil salinization
drip irrigation, soil aeration, switch to freshwater source
H2O stored in pore spaces of permeable rock
groundwater
water percentage of industrial
19%
water percentage of agricultural
70%
water percentage of municipal
11%
useable groundwater deposits for humans
aquifer
how are aquifers replenished?
by groundwater recharge
_____ aquifers recharge quickly
unconfined
___ aquifers recharge are longer-term water deposits that recharge more slowly
confined
excessive pumping near coast lowers water table pressure, allowing saltwater to seep into groundwater
saltwater intrusion
forms when water table is lowered by excessive pumping, depleting water & drying nearby wells
cone of depression
