Irrigation Flashcards
24-64% is untouched by instrumentation
Peters 2000
Biofilms found in all root canal with very large lesions. Present in 95% (cyst), 83% (abscess) and 69.5% (granulomas). Extraradicular biofilms in 6% of cases.
Ricucci & Siqueira 2010
Zone of passive flow near the WL. Irrigant doesn’t reach further than 1 (open side needle) to 3mm (end open needle) apical needle tip. Higher wall shear stress with side open needle, extrusion was lesser.
Boutsioukis 2009 & 2010
The vapor lock effect (air bubble) impede the flow of irrigant to reach the apical terminus
Tay 2010
Sufficient wall shear stresses are required to disrupt the biofilm
Layton 2015
Increase canal preparation (size/taper) allows penetration of needle close to the WL
Abou-Rass 1982
maximum wall shear stress decrease with increasing size/taper
Hsieh 2007
Maintain apical patency #10 to minimize gas bubbles
Vera 2012
US (different Nodes and Antinodes), Sonic (1 Node and 1 Antinodes). AN = maximum agitation
Van der Sluis 2005
PUI (Passive US Irrigation) is more effective than syringe irrigation.
Van der Sluis 2007
US generated bubbles (2 types : transcient (cavitational) will collapse to release energy resulting in heat/shear forces may disrupt biofilm, and stable (non cavitational)).
Williams 1983
rapid movement of non cavitational bubble around US activated files produces shear forces. Heating of irrigant occurs within the canal.
Ahmad 1990
Sonic generated higher amplitude movement of the tip : that minor shear stress. US file#15 is recommended (#25 files produces less accoustic streaming).
Ahmad 1987
Some found no significant difference in residual debris between US and S (duration 60s vs 3 min)
Jensen 1999
Endovac : no risk of extrusion. Zone of passive fluid flow was minimazed. Irrigation system with syringe and slotted-needle irrigation resulting in the greatest extend of extrusion
Mitchell 2011
Manual agitation: laborious, and apical extrusion
Boutsioukis 2013
No significant differences in healing (Nd:YAG)
Koba 1999
Er:YAG laser applied after cleaning and shaping didn’t reduce microorganisms
Leonardo 2005
Er:YAG laser dissociates water and generates OH radicals
Lubart 2005
Creation of bubbles is identical in water, NaOCl and EDTA solution. LAI can cause extrusion (don’t push the tip into the canal, stay at the orifice of the canal).
George & Walsh 2008
NaoCl ‘s antimicrobial and dissolution properties have made it popular irrigant
Estrela 2002
- Chelating agents have a dramatic effect on the free available chlorine contents of NaOCl and subsequently on its tissue dissolution capability.
- EDTA an Ca do not suffer from a reduction of their chelating ability in mixture with NaOCl
- CHX and NaOCl develop a precipitate that might be toxic
- CHX and EDTA form a precipitate composed mainly of those substances
- Ca is not influenced by CHX and no precipitate is formed
Rossi-Fedel 2012
