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Radiation Safety > IRR (lecture 1) > Flashcards

IRR (lecture 1) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the general principles of radiation protection?

A

Justification, Optimisation and Dose limitation

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2
Q

To what do the Ionising Radiations Regulations apply, and who enforces them?

A

IRR (2017) applies to work activities and exposures to staff and public. They are enforced by the Health and Safety Executive (HSE).

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3
Q

Who does the ultimate responsibility for radiation protection lie with, according to IRR’17?

A

The Employer

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4
Q

What are the dose limits on effective dose for employees older than 18?

A

20mSv

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5
Q

What are the dose limits on effective dose for trainees younger than 18?

A

6mSv

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6
Q

What are the dose limits on effective dose for “other persons”?

A

1mSv

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7
Q

What are the dose limits on equivalent dose per year to the lens of the eye for employees over 18?

A

20mSv

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8
Q

What are the dose limits on equivalent dose per year to the lens of the eye for trainees under 18?

A

15mSv

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9
Q

What are the limits on equivalent dose per calendar year to skin averaged over 1cm2 & extremities for employees over 18?

A

500mSv

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10
Q

What are the limits on equivalent dose per calendar year to skin averaged over 1cm2 & extremities for trainees under 18?

A

150mSv

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11
Q

What are the limits on equivalent dose per calendar year to skin averaged over 1cm2 & extremities for other persons?

A

50mSv

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12
Q

What is the ICRP recommendation for pregnant workers?

A

Once the pregnancy has been declared a limit (equivalent dose) of 2mSv to the surface of the abdomen is applied for the rest of the pregnancy. This implies a dose of ~1mSv to the foetus.

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13
Q

When should someone be registered as a classified worker?

A

Workers who MAY receive an effective dose of >20mSv in a several minutes.

Anyone who receives more than 3/10 of any dose limit (such as >15mSv equivalent to the lens of the eye, or >6mSv effective).

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14
Q

What are the three main values used to assess area designation based upon dose?

A

IDR, TADR, TADR2000

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15
Q

What is IDR?

A

Instantaneous dose rate averaged over 1 minute

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16
Q

What is TADR?

A

Time averaged dose rate averaged over 8 hours assuming an occupancy of 100%

17
Q

What is TADR2000?

A

Time averaged dose rate averaged over a 2000 hour working year taking into account occupancy, use, and workload

18
Q

What are the guideline dose-rates for designation of a controlled area?

A

IDR>100 (guidance),

TADR>7.5 (ACOP),

TADR2000>3 (equiv. to 1mSv/year)

All in micro Sieverts/hour

19
Q

What are the guideline dose-rates for designation of a supervised area?

A

IDR>7.5, TADR>2.5, TADR2000>0.5

micro Sieverts/hour

20
Q

What are the guideline dose-rates for designation of an unsupervised public area?

A

IDR<7.5,
TADR<0.5,
TADR2000<0.15

All doses in micro Sieverts/hour

21
Q

What should the entrances to controlled areas be marked with? (3)

A

Warning notice, radiation trefoil, illuminated warning light.

22
Q

Other than signage, what physical and procedural measures should be in place in relation to the designation of a controlled area? (3/4)

A

Systems of work, boundaries (confirmed with environmental monitoring), environmental and personal monitoring to ensure non-classified workers don’t exceed any classification levels.

23
Q

What are the responsibilities of an RPA? (4)

A

Giving advice on radiation safety such as;
area designation
new installations
calibration and proper use of monitoring equipment
periodic testing of control and safety features

24
Q

What are the dose limits on equivalent dose per year to the lens of the eye for other persons?

A

15mSv

25
Q

What is the minimum allowed permanent filtration for mammography systems?

A

0.5mm Al equivalent

26
Q

What is the minimum allowed filtration for radiographic exposures?

A
  1. 5mm Al equivalent permanent filtration.

2. 5mm Al equivalent for exposures above 70kV

27
Q

What are the restrictions on leakage radiation for diagnostic radiology?

A

≤1mGy in one hour, averaged over ≤100cm2

28
Q

How should dose be controlled in fluoroscopy?

A

AEC

29
Q

What do AEC systems need to display?

A

Post exposure mAs

30
Q

What metric must interventional systems display?

A

Cumulative patient skin dose

Radiation Safety (4 decks)

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