Iron in Health and Disease

Question 1

Iron is essential! (8)

Answer 1

-Oxygen transport= reversible oxygen binding by haemoglobin​

-Electron transport (e.g. mitochondrial production of ATP)‏​= ferric (Fe3+) + ferrous forms ( Fe2+)​

Present in;​
- Haemoglobin​, Myoglobin, Enzymes (cytochromes)

Question 2

Iron is dangerous! (7)

Answer 2

Chemical reactivity= oxidative stress and free radical production ​

Adaptive reqs for= ​
-safe transport​
-safe storage​
-regulation of iron absorption ​

No mechanism for excretion

Question 3

Iron Absorption (3)

Answer 3

Occurs mainly in the duodenum​
​
Uptake into cells of duodenal mucosa​
​
Influenced by dietary factors​

Question 4

Iron absorption- enhanced by 920

Answer 4

Haem vs non-haem iron​
dedicated haem iron transporter​

Ascorbic acid (reduces iron to Fe2+ form)​
Alcohol​

Question 5

Iron absorption- inhibited by (3)

Answer 5

Tannins eg tea​

Phytates eg cereals, bran, nuts and seeds​

Calcium eg dairy produce​

Question 6

Mechanisms of Iron Absorption

Question 7

How is Iron Absorption Regulated?-

Question 8

Assessment of Iron Status: Three Compartments

Question 9

Transferrin

Question 10

Measuring Iron Supply

Question 11

Ferritin​

Question 12

How Much Iron do we Need?

Question 13

Disorders of Iron Metabolism

Question 14

Consequences of Negative Iron balance

Question 15

Hypochromic microcytic anaemias =​deficient haemoglobin synthesis

Question 16

Causes of Iron Deficiency

Question 17

Causes of Chronic Blood Loss​

Question 18

Occult Blood Loss​

Question 19

AOCD: Inflammatory Macrophage Iron Block​

Question 20

Causes of Iron Overload​

Question 21

Primary Iron Overload​

Question 22

Hereditary Haemochromatosis​

Question 23

Clinical Features of Hereditary Haemochromatosis

Question 24

Diagnosis of Hereditary ​
Haemochromatosis

Question 25

Treatment of ​ Hereditary ​ Haemochromatosis

Question 26

Family Screening

Question 27

Secondary Iron Overload​

Question 28

Iron-Loading Anaemias

Question 29

Regular Blood Transfusion

Question 31

Treatment of Secondary Iron Overload