Iron Flashcards
What are the iron requirements of for pregnancy among adult women and adolescent girls?
In infection free environments, women should have accumulated sufficient body iron stores at conception of 70 microgram/L in the absence of inflammation. Very few adolescent girls meet this target.
What are the limitations of iron supplementation?
- Limited efficacy -evidence is growing that infection-induced inflammation, even at low-grade levels, impairs the efficacy of iron intervention due to lower fractional absorption
- Most supplemental iron is unabsorbed particularly when ingested with foods containing phytate and tannins and other iron inhibitors.
- Low adherence - due to gastrointestinal adverse effects, poor-quality antenatal care services, including insufficient supplies of supplements and inadequate counselling to encourage regular use, Knowledge, beliefs and attitudes towards supplementation
- Concerns about the safety of iron interventions in populations with a high burden of infectious diseases, particularly malaria as well as adverse effects on the intestinal ecosystem following iron supplementation and fortification
- Some evidence that iron therapy among anemic women can increase menstrual blood loss volume upon anemia remission.
What is 70-80 mg/L serum ferritin equal to in terms of volume of body iron reserves?
More than 500 mg
What is 30-70 mg/L serum ferritin equal to in terms of volume of body iron reserves?
200–500 mg
What are WHO regulations for menstruating non-pregnant adolescent girls in settings where the prevalence of anemia in non-pregnant women is 20% or higher? And what is the regimen dosage?
intermittent iron and folic acid supplementation (1 supplement /per week); 3 months of supplementation followed by 3 months of no supplementation, after which the provision of supplements should restart.
The dosage is as follows:
Iron: 60 mg of elemental iron
Folic acid: 2800 μg (2.8 mg)
What are WHO regulations for menstruating non-pregnant adolescent girls in settings where the prevalence of anemia in non-pregnant women is 40% or higher? And what is the regimen dosage?
Daily iron supplementation; Three consecutive months per year
The dosage is as follows:
Iron: 30-60 mg of elemental iron
What is the average percentage increase of menstrual blood loss that has been observed in before-after studies where iron therapy was provided to anemia women?
We observe a 25% increase in menstrual blood loss volume upon anemia remission (estimated calculated based on recalculation of raw data of Hallberg and Jacob)
What are the total absolute iron requirements of 15-18y old girls?
1.62 mg/day
What is the median basal iron loss of 15-18y girls?
0.79 mg/day
What is the median menstrual iron loss of 15-18y girls?
0.48 mg/day
What is the median basal iron loss among 15-18y girls?
0.79 mg/day
At least …% of women seeking medical attention for heavy periods lose ….. than 80mL of blood volume per cycle when measured …….
At least 40 % of women seeking medical attention for heavy periods lose less than 80mL of blood volume per cycle when measured objectively.
What are the two different types of dietary iron and where can they be found?
There are 2 different types of dietary iron: heme iron and non-heme iron. Heme iron (Fe2+) is found primarily in meat, poultry and seafood and is the most easily absorbed form of iron by the body. Non-heme iron (Fe3+) is found in plant sources such as fruits, vegetables, nuts and grains and is less easily absorbed.
Note that Non-heme iron is also found in animal flesh (as animals consume plant foods with non-heme iron) and fortified foods.
Explain how iron is metabolized and absorbed
What is the difference between ferrous sulfate and ferrous fumarate?
What is the life cycle of an erythrocyte?
https://www.pharmacy180.com/media/imgph04/QqBlPsa.jpg
