Irish Question 1845-86

Question 1

When did the ‘potato blight’ occur?

Answer 1

1845

Question 2

What was the population of Ireland before and after the crisis?

Answer 2

8 million

6 million (after)

Due to death and emigration

Question 3

What were most emigrants?

Answer 3

Young-having a lasting effect on politics leaving behind older generations.

Question 4

British response to famine

Answer 4

1) Repeal Corn Laws (Tarrifs protecting exporters from Britain but making food alternatives expensive)
2) Sent troops to counter unrest

Question 5

Negative aspects of UK gov. response to famine?

Answer 5

1) Allowed exports of food to continue
2) Repealing laws didn’t go far enough
3) Deploying troops worsened case for British control of Ireland

Question 6

IRB

Answer 6

Irish Republican Brotherhood founded 1858

Question 7

When was the IRB founded?

Answer 7

1858

Question 8

In what form did the IRB seek support from the US?

Answer 8

Weapons (from the civil war)

Money

Question 9

How many supporters did the IRB have in 1860?

Answer 9

80k

Question 10

When was the attempted insurrection by the IRB?

Answer 10

1867

Question 11

What did the Manchester Martyrs do?

Answer 11

3 IRB members who attacked a police van carrying IRB prisoners from the insurrection of that year (1867) all 3 executed.

Question 12

When was the official Act of Union between Britain and Ireland?

Answer 12

1800

Question 13

Among other things what were the main provisions for the Act of Union 1800?

Answer 13

1) Abolishment of Irish Parliament

2) Est. of Anglican Church as state church (Until 1869)

Question 14

What Acts aimed to address the issues of tenant/ owner relations in Ireland?

By whom introduced?

Answer 14

Land Act 1870

Land Act 1881

Gladstone

Question 15

What did the Land Reforms Acts of 1870 and 1881 provide for?

Answer 15

Rights to sell on tenancy as a business.

Question 16

What was Daniel O’Connell’s main demand?

Answer 16

A repeal of the Act of Union 1800

Question 17

Who was Daniel O’Connell?

Answer 17

Irish MP (1775-1847)

Question 18

Reasons for not allowing Home Rule?

Answer 18

1) Believed it would lead to independence
2) Ireland used as staging ground for military ops against UK mainland
3) UK imported large raw materials from Ireland.

Question 19

What did Gladstone say regarding the UK’s role with Ireland?

Answer 19

‘To pacify Ireland’

‘A liberal crusade’

Question 20

What conspired to make it difficult for Gladstone to enact reform for Ireland?

Answer 20

Other Liberals (actually led to a split in party)

Cross party MP’s and the HoL

Question 21

What Act was passed to address the issue of religion in Ireland and by whom?

Provisions?

Answer 21

Irish Church Act 1869

Gladtsone

Disestablished the Anglican Church of Ireland

Question 22

How did Gladtsone manage to successfully pass the Irish Church Act 1869 despite much resistance?

Answer 22

1) Encouraged QV to allow more liberal peers in HoL

2) HoL, facing that prospect simply allowed the bill to pass.

Question 23

How was Gladtsone’s Irish Church Act 1869 received?

Answer 23

1) RC’s generally approved
2) But RC’s weren’t as pleased as he thought they would be
3) Seen as long overdue
4) Didn’t come into effect until 1871

Question 24

What were the issues with the Land Reform Act of 1870?

Answer 24

1) Badly worded so tenants were still being evicted.

2) Landlords could still charge as much as they liked.

Question 25

Who was Charles Stewart Parnell?

Answer 25

An aristocrat who campaigned for the rights of rural tenants. (1846-1891)

Question 26

Upon returning to office what was the sequence of dealing with the Irish question for Gladstone?

Answer 26

1) Protection of Property (Coercion Act) 1881-internment

2) Second Land Act 1881-3 F’s

Question 27

What legal principle did the Protection of Persons and Property Act 1881 affect? (Coercion Act)

Answer 27

habeas corpus

Question 28

What were the 3 F’s of the Land Act 1881?

Answer 28

Fixed tenancy

Freedom to sell on tenancy

Fair rents-appealed through Tribunals