Irish History

Question 1

432

Answer 1

St Patrick, Christianity, Written Records, Monastic Culture, Gaelic & Latin

Question 2

795

Answer 2

Vikings, violent, trade, cities are founded, Gaelic kingdoms fight for title of “High King”

Question 3

1014

Answer 3

Battle of Clontarf, Brian Boru defeats Vikings, Gaelic culture, O’ Brian, Kingdoms continue to fight

Question 4

1169

Answer 4

Anglo-Normans, Henry II rules, English influence, Last High King dies 1189

Question 5

1366

Answer 5

Statutes of Kilkenny: Irish forbid intermarriage between English and Irish, segregation

Question 6

1607

Answer 6

Henry VIII, 1530s “surrender and regrant” -> lands are given by king; speak English; wear English dresses; Catholic church, rebellions, end of Gaelic order (lords leave)

Question 7

1609

Answer 7

20k farmers from Britain, no Irish tenants, Irish farmers pushed out to less fertile land in the West, Protestant faith in Ulster

Question 8

1641

Answer 8

Irish Rebellion, Charles I of England marries Roman Catholic, ethnic conflict between English and Scottish Protestants and
Irish Catholics, 100 Protestants drowned at Portadown Bridge, Catholic landowners control 2/3 of the island, English Civil War

Question 9

1649

Answer 9

Siege of Drogheda, Oliver Cromwell invades, kills 2k and sends some to Barbados, dispossesses Catholic landowners, they move to Connacht

Question 10

1689

Answer 10

Siege of London/Derry, “No surrender”, 1689 Catholic James II king, 1688 Glorious Revolution: William of Orange, Protestants besieged

Question 11

1690

Answer 11

James II wants his throne, William of Orange defeats him at the Boyne (Ireland) -> Orange is a hero of the Protestants, 12th July Orangemen, Catholic armies surrender -> landownership extinguished, English culture dominates

Question 12

1704

Answer 12

Penal Code, Catholics can’t vote, C Farmers divide their land among their sons at death, eldest keeps all if he converts to P

Question 13

1798

Answer 13

Wolfe Tone’s Rebellion, Society of United Irishmen, more rights for C, less British influence, French help doesn’t arrive, Tone dies, Botany Bay for undesirable people

Question 14

1800-1801

Answer 14

Act of Union, counters Wolfe, abolition of Irish government, Ireland part of Britain, Irish elect MPs for Westminster (No Catholics)

Question 15

1829

Answer 15

Catholic Emancipation Act, restoration of the Catholics’ right to vote, Daniel O’Connell (C) is MP, 1832: disenfranchises the poor

Question 16

1840s

Answer 16

Hungry Forties/ Great Famine, potato affected by fungus, 1m die, 1m emigrate to especially the US

Question 17

1912

Answer 17

Third Home Rule, Attempts for self-government (defeated by House of Lords), 1912 bill: bicameral Irish parliament in Dublin, 1914: act is passed in English parliament, UVF is against Home Rule and smuggle weapons in, act is suspended (WWI)

Question 18

1916

Answer 18

Easter Rising (Thomas
Clarke, Patrick Pearse, James Connolly), Irish republic independent from Britain, rebellion defeated, leaders executed -> causes up in sympathy, 1918 Sinn Féin wins 73 out of 105 seats in Westminster

Question 19

1920-1921

Answer 19

Anglo-Irish War, “War of Independence”, guerrilla war by the IRA against British police, “Black and Tans” are sent by British government -> military, ceasefire areed in 1921

Question 20

1921-1923

Answer 20

Irish Civil War, Anglo-Irish Treaty: divided Ireland, Irish Free State is a dominion with full self-government, oath of allegiance to the Crown -> Sinn Féin and de Valera oppose, IFS wins supported by Britain, 1936: IRA weapons are made illegal, 1937: IFS -> Éire/ Ireland

Question 21

1960s-1998

Answer 21

The Troubles, sectarian violence in NI, IRA vs paramilitary/ Brits, accusation of discrimination against C, barricades by the IRA, IRA as protective force, 3500 killed

Question 22

1972

Answer 22

Bloody Sunday, mass shooting of Catholic civilians by British police, resentment against British Army, 1998 “Savile Inquiry” -> Lord Saville found the killings “unjustifiable”, PM Cameron apologizes formally in 2010

Question 23

1984

Answer 23

Brighton bombing, IRA bombs hotel during Conservative party conference, PM Thatcher and her husband nearly escape injury, IRA Statement: “Today we were unlucky, but remember, we only have to be lucky once; you will have to be lucky always. Give Ireland peace and there will be no war.”

Question 24

1998

Answer 24

Good Friday Agreement/ Belfast Agreement, historic peace agreement, US as mediator,
 the Republic officially recognizes NI as part of the UK, thus giving up its territorial
claim to NI, and admits that the majority of people in NI want the country to
remain in the union; vice versa, the British government acknowledges that the
majority in the Republic as well as a substantial amount of people in NI would like
to see the island united
 the British and Irish government pledge to do everything in their power to further
the unification of the island of Ireland if the majority of the population in NI and
the Republic desires it  binding obligation of both governments
 establishment of the NI assembly (Stormont): devolved form of government which
can pass laws in fields of law not reserved by Westminster
 people born in NI can apply for Irish, British or dual citizenship
 decommissioning of weapons by all paramilitary groups (IRA announced end of
decommissioning in 2009)

Question 25

2011

Answer 25

Elizabeth II visits, first visit since 1911, welcomed