Ireland 1905-21( 1/2 came up)

Question 1

What led to the rise in calls for Irish Separation?

Answer 1

-Growth of irish Nationalism

Question 2

What organisation led to the Growth of Irish Nationalisation?

Answer 2

-Gaelic League: promoted speaking Gaelic and playing Gaelic Football

Question 3

What Irish organisation was established in 1905?

Answer 3

-Sinn Fein: had ideas over Irish independence

Question 4

What leader was united and recovered the IPP after Parnell’s death

Answer 4

-Redmond

Question 5

a)What did Asquith propose to gain the support from IPP in the 1910 election and b) consequence of this?

Answer 5

a)Proposed the IHR bill of Gladstone’s that was proposed in 1893 (and defeated by the Lords)

b) apparent that reform of the Lords was needed as this bill was defeated by the lords and Asquith and DLG pushed for this- achieved in the Parliament Act 1911

Question 6

a)How many people in Ulster signed the Ulster Covenant in opposition to the 3rd attempt to IHR and b) what was established to resist implementation of IHR?

Answer 6

a) 500,000

b)Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF)

Question 7

a)Who led the Conservatives (unionists) in there hostility towards IHR and b) what did he state?

Answer 7

a)Bonar Law
b)used the “grammar of anarchy” to attack Government: his Balmoral speech he argued that “some things are more important than parliamentary majorities”

Question 8

What did the Lords do to the IHR bill?

Answer 8

-Delayed it by 2 years (constrained by the Parliament Act 1911)

Question 9

What strategy did Asquith employ around Carson and Ulster?

Answer 9

“wait and see”- thought Carson and Ulster were playing a game of Brinkmanship and they would eventually stop (Asquith trying to call their bluff)

Question 10

What was suggested in the talks between Asquith, Carson and Redmond?

Answer 10

-Redmond compromised (after previous rejection of the separation of Ireland) and suggested a temporary exclusion of 6 years but this was rejected by Carson who wanted a permanent exclusion of Ulster.

Question 11

What 2 gun running operations saw the UVF and IVF armed?

Answer 11

1) UVF = Larne gun-running operation (armed half of the UVF)

2)IVF = Howth

Question 12

Explain the significance of the Curragh Mutiny to the Liberal Government and Ulster and the UVF?

Answer 12

-Government seemed no longer in control the army , weakened their authority
-unable to effectively stop gun-smuggling
-Could not enforce IHR

Question 13

Identify 2 reasons why the prospects for some form of IHR was reasonably high in September 1914?

Answer 13

1)IHR was suspended until the end of the law and placed on the statute book with temporary exclusion of Ulster
2)Parties agreed political truce

Question 14

What did Redmond encourage in his Woodenbridge speech of September 1914?

Answer 14

-Indicated loyalty to the GB
-Said Irishmen had a duty to end the war and help England (led to Irish men volunteering to join the army)

Question 15

How many irishmen volunteered to join ww1?

Answer 15

-300,000 Irishmen from UVF and IVF joined (50,000 in first 6 months)

Question 16

Identify two major changes in the composition and design of government in the years 1915 and 1916 and why would this weaken Redmond?

Answer 16

-1915: Coalition government involving unionists and Carson, led by Asquith
-1916: DLG replaces Asquith as PM of coalition (Liberal party now split)
-Would weaken Redmond as losing support from Liberal and Carson and Unionists gaining more power in coalition gov.

Question 17

Why could it be argued that by 1917, Redmond’s Woodenbridge speech had disastrous consequences for the IPP?

Answer 17

-Carnage and long duration of war led GB to introduce conscription in 1917
-Conscription was deeply unpopular with Ireland (outside Ulster)

Question 18

When was the Dublin/ Easter Uprising?

Answer 18

-April 1916.

Question 19

How many died in the Dublin/Easter Uprising

Answer 19

-450 died

Question 20

Explain two possible motives for the Dublin uprising and whether the six days of fighting in the Dublin Uprising ended in failure or success immediately afterwards?

Answer 20

-to inspire a national uprising against British rule; inspirational blood sacrifice
-No immediate success, 600 rebels outnumbered and the uprising was condemned by Catholic church, Redmond and most of Dublin

Question 21

Who led the Easter Uprising?

Answer 21

• IV republican Patrick Pearse
  -Syndicalist, James Connolly

Question 22

What did the proclamation of independence in the Dublin Uprising assert?

Answer 22

-Independent Republic for the entirety of Ireland

Question 23

a)What term explained how the British military authorities killed the leaders of Easter Uprising, and b) what did this do to Irish public opinion on it?

Answer 23

a) Dribbling: the execution of leaders (inc. Pearse and Connolly) over a lengthy period to warn others of following their example

b) irish public opinion supported the uprising

Question 24

What were the political and electoral consequences of the Dublin Uprising for the IPP and Sinn Fein?

Answer 24

IPP: Irish public opinion deserted IPP and IHR (6 Mps in 1918, down from 83)
Sinn Fein: Grew in support (73 Mps in 1918) who pushed for republicanism

Question 25

Identify a) the military organisation and b) the political organisation established by Sinn Fein in 1918 and why was the political organisation so so revolutionary?

Answer 25

a) Irish Republican Army (IRA) b)Dail: unilaterally set up a counter-state to British state and most of its representatives were on the run

Question 26

What did the IRA start to do in late 1919?

Answer 26

-Guerilla warfare and terrorism agaisnt Royal Irish Constabulary (RIC) which was the Police force in Ireland

Question 27

a)When was Bloody Sunday and b) what happened

Answer 27

a) 21 November 1920 b) In retaliation to IRA killing British operatives, British soliders opened fire on spectators watching Gaelic Football in Croke Park

Question 28

What happened in the city of Cork?

Answer 28

-Burnt to the ground by British

Question 29

Why is Bloody Sunday and the city of Cork relevant to the Anglo-Irish civil war

Answer 29

-Both are examples of excessive and unlawful violence by British

Question 30

a)Who were the Black and Tans and auxiliaries and b) why was the British army not used in Ireland during the Anglo-Irish CW

Answer 30

a) Mercenaries + ex-serviceman with wartime experience b) GB government did not want to make it clear Ireland was in Civil war by using the army

Question 31

What difficulties did DLG and English Unionists face at home and globally that had an impact on government policy towards ireland between 1918 and 1920?

Answer 31

-Failing economy -Political arguments between opposing parts of the coalition cabinet -Violence of Black and Tans and auxillaries was condemned by USA and President Wilson, Asquith, newspapers, Labour Party and archbishop of Canterbury

Question 32

Identify the provisions of the Government of ireland Act 1920 and explain how and why Ulster changed?

Answer 32

-Two home-rule governments offered: one in Ulster (6 counties) and one for the rest Of Ireland (26 remaining counties)

Question 33

Was the partition as part of the Government of Ireland Act 1920 accepted?

Answer 33

-Accepted by Ulster unionists -Not accepted by SInn Fein who boycotted the new home rule government

Question 34

a)What were the provisions of the Irish treaty 1921 and b)why and how did Sinn Fein and the IRA split over it?

Answer 34

a)Irish Free state, dominion of the British Empire and Partition of Ireland -Oath of allegiance to the British Crown -Westminster appointed a governor to sit in Dublin -6 ports controlled by the Royal Navy (defence in the hands of Westminster

Question 35

Was the partition as part of the Anglo-Irish Treaty 1921 accepted?

Answer 35

-Accepted by GB and Dail and most of SInn Fein -Not accepted by IRA extremists and de valera ( short-lived Irish civil war won by pro-treaty side