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H/N IRAT Week 2 > Irat Week 2 > Flashcards

Irat Week 2 Flashcards

1
Q

All of the following may be damaged in extreme flexion, extension, or lateral flexion of the head EXCEPT

A

Inner ear (neural structures, soft tissue, cervical spine all can)

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2
Q

The lower cervical spine consists of

A

C2-7/T1

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3
Q

Like the other regions of the spine, the outer annulus fibrosis is innervated by the ___ nerves as are the vertebral bodies

A

Sinuvertebral nerves

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4
Q

The cervical discs have less weight to bear than the lumbar disc for which two reasons

A
  1. They only bear the head and plus gravity

2. The discs and two facet joints have nearly equal load distribution

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5
Q

The facets of the upper cervical spine are angled approximately ___ to the horizontal plane, whereas the cervical spine facets are orientated at approx ___ angle

A

35o

65o

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6
Q

The facet joints of the cervical spine are surrounded by a joint capsule that is generaly ___ than in the thoracic and lumbar spine allowing more range of motion

A

Looser

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7
Q

Facet joints are innervated by the

A

Medial branch of the posterior rami

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8
Q

Facet joint capsules contain all of the following EXCEPT

A

Silent nociceptors

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9
Q

Of the following structures below, which ones help to stabilize the dens of C2 to the anterior arch of C1

A

Denticulate ligament

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10
Q

Deterioration of the __ ligament will allow abnormal movement between C1 and C2

A

Transverse ligament

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11
Q

According to Souza, “___ muscles including the ___ are essential as antigravity/postural muscles….”

A

Suboccipital

Obliquus capitis inferior and obliquus capitis superior

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12
Q

Acocrding to Souza, “…contrary to accepted knowledge the ___ does not connect the posterior arch of atlas to the laminae of the axis

A

Ligamentum flavum

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13
Q

Cervical spine disc herniation’s are

A

Not common over the age of 50

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14
Q

If Bakody’s sign is present this indicates a radiculopathy because the motion of the test elevates the ____ nerve and relieves traction on the upper brachial plexus

A

Dorsal scapular

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15
Q

In the thoracic outlet which is NOT a potential site of entrapment or compression

A

Acromioclavicular articulation

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16
Q

The passive elements of the cervical spine motion include all of the following EXCEPT

A

Muscle

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17
Q

Flexion and extension occurs ____ in the cervical spine. Select all

A

Between C4-C6
The atlantooccipital joint
The C1-C2 level

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18
Q

Coupled motions in the cervical spine include all the following except

A

Below C4-5 extension accompanies rotation

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19
Q

Approximately ____ of axial rotation occurs between C1 and C2

A

50-60%

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20
Q

According to Souza in reference to hyperextension/hyperflexion injury, although global hyperextension does not always occur, intersegmental hyperextension does appear to occur and may be the most prominent injury mechanism

A

True

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21
Q

All of the following are common neck pain patient presentations EXCEPT

A

Acute dizziness

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22
Q

When arm complaints accompany neck pain it is essential to make a determination of whether the ___ or a ____ is the source

A

Nerve root irritation

Referral phenomenon

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23
Q

Patients with clinical, radiographic, or laboratory evidence of tumor, infection, fracture, or dislocation should be

A

Sent for medical evaluation

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24
Q

A stinger usually involves a traction injury of either the nerve root or plexus

A

True

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25
Q

According to souza, a patient presenting with a nontraumatic onset of neck pain without radiationinto the arm possibly accompanied by a ____ could be ____ requiring ____

A

Neck stiffness; meningitis; immediate MD referral
1 or 2 restricted ROM patterns; facet syndrome; manual therapy/cervica l adjustments
Congenital muscle spasm; torticollis; advanced imaging

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26
Q

According to Souza, recurrent bouts of neck and arm pain in nontraumatic patients should be

A

Evaluated using orthopedic and neurological exams

27
Q

According to souza, a patient presenting with neck pain and a history of recent, significant trauma should

A

Have a cervical radiographic series taken

28
Q

According to souza, a patient presenting with transient symptoms with other assocaited neurological signs and symptoms should be referred for evaluation for ALL of the following EXCEPT

A

Compression fracture

29
Q

According to souza, a patient presenting with positionally related arm numbness/tingling with secondary neck pain complaint should be

A

Evaluated for TOS

30
Q

According to souza, a patient experiencing chronic neck pain with restricted cervical ROM and positive cervical orthopedic examination results but no radiating pain should

A

Be adjusted immediately

31
Q

According to souza, there is currently strong evidence to substantiate the use of traction for neck pain patients

A

False

32
Q

According to Souza, a diagnosis of cervical sprain/strain should be reserved for acute traumatic sprain/strain with all of the following being TRUE except

A

Management includes mechanical traction

33
Q

According to Souza, cervical neuritis or radiculitis due to disc usually consists of all of the follwoing except

A

Weakness in the lower limbs

34
Q

Non-specific cervical pain is a diagnosis

A

All og the above (used for patients without cervical trauma, that may be used for unspecific neck pain, that does not require radiography)

35
Q

Spastic torticollis (wryneck) may be ___ and is ___ or correctable

A

Congenital

Self-resolving

36
Q

Which diagnosis can be treated using myofascial therapy and preventative exercises and stretches

A

Cervical sprain/strain
Non-specific cervical spine pain
Thoracic outlet syndrome

37
Q

Acute onset pain with severe global restriction to neck movement can be included in nontraumatic neck pain category

A

True

38
Q

Any patient with head trauma should be monitored for several

A

Weeks

39
Q

According to souza, a chiropractic adjustive technique is the recommended treatment for

A

Segmental dysfunction of cervical spine joints

40
Q

Radiographs positive for fracture or dislocation should receive an immediate orthopedic referral

A

True

41
Q

According to souza, ___ of cervical radiculopathy patients fully recover or have only mild residual disfunction

A

90%

42
Q

According to souza, cervical manipulation at sites other than herniation is used by many chiropractors to manage cervical radiculopathy adjustments. T/F

A

True

43
Q

According to souza, MRI or electric diagnostic settings maybe needed after 1 month of care without resolution of cervical radiculopathy symptoms. T/F

A

True

44
Q

According to souza, inspection, palpation and ROM testing are clinical approach taken when neck pain and stiffness are the primary complaint. T/F

A

True

45
Q

When the complaint involves radiation into the back or extremities souza recommends

A

Specific orthopedic tests

Specific neurological tests

46
Q

According to souza, what standard battery of what orthopedic tests includes various forms of the following tests designed to compress or stretch structures on your subject except

A

Spinal percussion

47
Q

Burner or stinger are names given to injuries of the brachial plexus or nerve roots often caused by ___. They are very common in sports.

A

Lateral flexion injuries

48
Q

According to souza, cervical radiculopathy due to disc herniation may occur in only 20-25% of the cases because of

A

The natural dehydration of the intravertebral discs in hte cervical spine.

49
Q

According to souza, which test is specific or the most useful when confirming cervical radiculopathy

A

Spurling test

50
Q

According to souza, the neurological examination attempts to rule in or rule out the following except

A

Non-recurrent pain

51
Q

According to souza, patient presenting with positionally related arm numbness, tingling with secondary neck pain

A

Should be evaluated for TOS

52
Q

Exhibit 2-4 in souza illustrates that the patient has a 45% probability of having a cervical radiculopathy if

A

3 or more tests are positive

53
Q

According to souza, when ordering x-rays, ____ should be ordered in suspected cervical radiculopathy patients

A

Oblique view to determine to the degree of boney parameter encroachment

54
Q

According to souza, weakness found during the physical exam is actually more than subjective weakness. T/F

A

True

55
Q

When the complaint involves radiation into the back or extremities, souza recommends

A

Specific ortho and neuro test

56
Q

According to souza, home traction for 30 minutes twice a day will benefit some cervical radiculoapthy patients. T/F

A

False

57
Q

According to souza, patients with cervical radiculoaphty may report

A

All of the above - cervical compression reproduces the neck and arm pain; radiation into the medial scapular area; relief of arm pain by putting the hand behind the head

58
Q

According to souza, the standard neurological exm attempts to differentiate the cause of the following except

A

Migraine

59
Q

According to merck, C6 radiculopathies produce the ofllowing symptoms except

A

Pain in the rhomboids and latissimus dorsi

60
Q

According to souza, larger, more diffuse patterns of sensory or motor loss require a search for brachial plexus and spinal cord involvement. T/F

A

True

61
Q

According to souza, patients with cervical radiculopathy will have painful restriction in active and passive ROM

A

More on one side

62
Q

According to merck, alternative medical treatments such as transdermal electrical nerve stimulation, spinal manipulation, acupuncture, medicinal herbs, may be tried on radiculopathy patients when

A

All other treatments are ineffective

63
Q

Valsalva’s test may reproduce radicular symptoms in a patient with cervical radiculopathy due to possible

A

All of the above -
Inflammation of IVF structures
Cervical disc material in the IVF
Osteophytic growth in the cervical IVF

H/N IRAT Week 2 (7 decks)

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