iRat#1 Study Guide Flashcards
Occupational therapy concepts relative to Biomechanics
This model highlights the adaptation toward the function of meaningful activity not the remediation of a body part
(*hint: top-down approach)
Rehabilitation Model
What are the 4 domains of function:
- Level of independence
- Level of effort
- Degree of efficiency
- Degree of safety
Which approach is focused on a client’s participation restriction, occupational balance, and life-role configuration.
Top-down approach
Which approach is defined and measured by the specific, discrete body impairments that affect larger daily life activities. A focus on body impairment-level pathology.
Bottom-up approach
(From the article) This assessment is a commonly used research instrument and can be used for clients with stroke to delineate movement patterns that are present or identify pathological reflex activity in the upper and lower extremities.
Fugl-Meyer Motor Assessment
The scientific study of muscular activity and the anatomy, physiology, and mechanics, of the movement of body parts.
Kinesiology
The study of mechanical laws and their application to living organisms, especially the human body and its locomotor system.
Biomechanics
Name the three models that the Biomechanial approach follows:
- Reconstruction model
- Orthopedic Model
- Kinetic Model
(From the article) These two task-based measures provide quantifiable data on the ability of a person with a stroke to perform simple daily tasks. (*hint: having client insert a pillow into a pillowcase, pouring water out of a pot)
The Functional Test for the Hemiplegic Upper Extremity
&
The Wolf Motor Function Test
(from the article) These tools require approximately how many minutes to administer and provide measurable data.
30min.
This model grades activities toward joint and muscle function to return to typical function.
Reconstruction Model
This model provides treatment activities specific to the problem.
Orthopedic Model
This model uses a more scientific approach to OT.
Kinetic Model
Lisa has undergone surgery for a fractured wrist that has decreased strength and range of motion in her dominant hand, impacting daily activities. The therapist evaluates her physical abilities including strength, range of motion, and fine motor skills. Together they set goals for improving wrist movement, grip strength, and ADLs such as buttoning a shirt or writing. The therapists then design activities that *gradually increase difficulty. What model is the therapist utilizing with this client?
Reconstruction Model
Megan has a moderate right ankle sprain, she states that her ankle swells, and that she cannot move her ankle in planter flexion because it hurts so bad. She states that she has been compensating on her left foot causing the strength in her right ankle to decrease and her ability to walk. The therapist evaluates Megan’s ankle ROM, muscle strength, and gait pattern. They also assess how the injury affects weight-bearing and functional activities. Goals are set to reduce pain and swelling, restore full ROM, increase strength in the ankle and surrounding muscles, and improve her ability to walk and climb stairs. The therapists begin the treatment plan for Megan’s ankle sprain thus they begin with ankle circles to improve flexibility and reduce stiffness. Following, she does resistance band exercises and toe raises to build her strength in the ankle and lower leg muscles. Next, she does some balance training by standing on one leg to improve stability and coordination. Lastly, the therapist has her focus on functional training by walking on various surfaces, climbing stairs, and performing other weight-bearing activities to improve occupational performance.
Kinetic Model
George is seeing the occupational therapist for a rotator cuff tear. He states he is experiencing pain, limited range of motion, and weakness in his left shoulder, impacting daily activities. The therapist evaluates the shoulder’s range of motion, strength, and pain, as well as the impact of daily tasks. Goals are set to reduce pain, improve mobility and strength, and regain the ability to perform tasks like reaching and dressing. The therapist then creates a treatment plan for the (*hint>) specific muscles in his rotator cuff such as range of motion exercises, strengthening exercises, pain management, functional training, and adaptive strategies to help prevent strain and reduce further injury. What model is the therapist utilizing with this client?
Orthopedic Model
Which plane divides the body in half (right and left halves)
The sagittal plane (flexion & extension are associated with this plane)
The frontal Plane divides the body into front and back halves or anterior to posterior. What movement occurs in this plane?
Abduction and adduction
What are some joints that occur in the parallel sagittal plane?
Shoulder, elbow, and wrist
What are some examples of joints that display abduction and adduction in the frontal plane?
Shoulder, wrist, and hip
Ansley is at ballet practice, she is warming up at the bar doing heel-toe raises. As she stands on her tiptoes the ball of her foot acts as the fulcrum, her body weight is the load, and her calf muscles provide the effort to lift her body up. What lever is being applied here? (*hint: look at picture)
Second-class lever
Spongebob and patrick dig a tunnel using a shovel. They are digging between their two houses driving sqidward nut. The fulcrum is the end of the shovel handle where he grips it with his hand, the force is applied by his hand gripping the shovel mid-way down the shaft of the shovel, and the load is the sand on the shovel blade. What Lever are they using?
Third-class lever
Be able to differentiate between:
1. Agonist—–
2. Antagonist——
3. Synergist—–
- the primary muscle responsible for movement
- The muscle that opposes the action of the agonist
- A muscle that assists the agonist in a movement
ex: arm flexion: the prime mover is the bieps brachii, antagonist is the triceps brachii, and the synergist (fixator) is the deltoid.
