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Comparative Analysis of Political Systems > Iran > Flashcards

Iran Flashcards

1
Q

Legislative-Executive System Iran

A

Semi-Pres idential Theocracy

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2
Q

Type of Democracy / Authoritarianism Iran

A

Combination theocratic and republican elements
Sharia Law, Velayat-e-faqih
Elections for state organs, presidential cabinet rule, checks and balances

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3
Q

Unitary or Federal Iran

A

Unitary

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4
Q

Head of State Iran

A

Supreme Leader
Selected by assembly of Experts
Commander in Chief
Appoints judges
Can veto any law
Can impeach president
Appoints expediency council
Selects half of guardian council

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5
Q

Head of government Iran

A

President
Selects cabinet members
Introduce legislation and budget
Primarily administrative role (day to day functioning of state)
Cannot veto, dissolve legislature or control military

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6
Q

Government / Cabinet Iran

A

Assembly of Experts
islamic scholars selects and supervises supreme leader (in theory) comparable to upper house
Guardian Council screens cadidates in elections plays judicial role
Expediency Council
(formally) resolves disputes between republican / theocratic elements
(practically) advise and support supreme leader

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7
Q

Guardian Council

A
  • Most powerful after Supreme Leader
  • 12 members; 6 selected by Supreme Leader, 6 by the Majlis (Parliament)
  • Reviews legislation on compatibility with Constitution & Islam
  • Approves and vetoes candidates for President, Assembly of Experts, Majlis
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8
Q

Assembly of Experts

A
  • Selects & supervises Supreme Leader
    o It does not really effect the daily work of the supreme leader
  • 88 members (Islamic scholars)
    o From 88 different member districts
    o No political parties, you run as an individual
  • Popularly elected for 8-year term (but candidates vetted by Guardian C.)
    o Guardian C. will check each person, whether they have the right credentials.
    The Guardian Council
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9
Q

Expediency Council

A
  • 39 members, appointed by Supreme Leader
  • Mediates between Parliament and Guardian Council over legislative disputes; final decision cannot be overturned
  • In practice: advises and supports Supreme Leader
    Iran
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10
Q

Lower/ Upper House Iran

A

Majlis
Cabinet members can be removed by parliament
Limited powers, but play important role in key issues like udget
pre-revolutionary institution

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11
Q

Judiciary Iran

A

Supreme Court
Sharia Law’
Dysfunctional due to religious disputes
Controlled by Supreme Leader

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12
Q

Electoral System Iran

A

Single-member and multimember district majority for Majlis, two round0system Qualified majority to avoid run-off (plurality >25%)

Vetting and approval by Guardian Council

Two-round run-off system for presidential elections

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13
Q

Political Economy Iran

A

Sanctions
Iran Nuclear Deal
Resource Trap
Bonyards
Autarky

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14
Q

Resource Trap

A
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15
Q

Bonyads

A

Parastatal foundations made in part from assets nationalized after the Iranian Revolution.

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16
Q

Autarky

A

Economic independence (due to sanctions and Iran’s foreign relations)

17
Q

Divide and popular sovereignty

A

o Iranian Clergy have legitimacy because they claim to be representation of God, similar to the pope
o Popular: ability to vote at elections

18
Q

Iran-Iraq war

A

o Iran-Iraq War (1980-1988)
 Bloody conflict
 Iran fighting on his own, Iraq supported by the West
 Infamous for child soldiers

19
Q

Revolutionary Guard

A

Paramilitary Force (separate from the official Military) to defend the principles of the Revolution - Plays

a key role in maintaining the regime

20
Q

Basij

A

Voluntary militia / public morale police - Plays a key role in controlling citizens and keeping them in line
with Sharia Law

21
Q

Parties

A

Parties are band, but informally the conservativses vs. reformists

22
Q

Islamic Revolution

A

1979: Islamic Revolution
- 16 january: Shah flees Iran because of protests
- Volk wanted Khomeini back
- Far left were calling for a revolution
- Middle was calling for a revolution
- A temporary government is announed
- But on 1 february Khomeini returns to Iran

23
Q

Shia Islam

A

Minority branch of Islam: 10-15% of all Muslims follow Shia Islam
Key difference between Sunni and Shia:
Shias believe succession of Prophet Muhammad should be based on his bloodline
Sunnis believe succession of Prophet Muhammad should be based on the caliphate
Shia Muslims celebrate Ashura
To commemorate the suffering of Imam Hussein (self-sacrifice in the face of defeat at the hands of
Sunni Muslims) - Strongest demonstrations against the Shah came during Ashura
(commemorating suffering under oppression)
Shia Islam is organised more hierarchically and centrally than Sunni Islam

24
Q

Ashura / the Mahdi

A
  • The coming of the Mahdi (hidden Imam)
    o He went into hiding and never returned
    o Shia’s believe that someday he will come out of hiding and bring the end of times.
  • Shia Islam is more centralized, hierarchical than Sunni Islam
25
Q

2009 Green Movement

A
  • President achmadinajat was faced by a challenger
  • Achmadinajat was able to beat his challenger
  • Election was seen as unfair
  • Therefore they went to the street
  • Protests were supressed
  • This showed the Guardian Council that meddling was a threat to the regime, just like not choosing popular people as candidates
26
Q

Charismatic Legitimacy

A

Legitimacy of a regime because of a charismatic leader

27
Q

Velayat-e-faqih

A

Rule by Islamic jurists; also, Islamic Republic’s political system, which places power in the hands of
clerics.
The idea that the clergy have the right to rule Iran as regents until the Mahdi returns - which is used by
the clergy of Iran to downplay their influence (as temporary rulers).

28
Q

Iran Nuclear Deal 2005

A
  • Deal on Iran’s Nuclear Program
  • Support for Nuclear Deal was very high
    2018: Trump abandons deal (Fuck Trump)
    2020-2021: Conservative wins, record low voter turnout due to covid, again allegations of fraud

Comparative Analysis of Political Systems (10 decks)

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