IR Final

Question 1

Washington Consensus

Answer 1

Term to describe the policies that the international institutions based in Washington (IMF, World bank & US treasury department) come to favour the post colonial reconstrunction of economies in the developping world. Reconstruction of the economy: stabilize, privatize, liberalize.

Question 2

definitions and types of international institutions

Question 3

justifications for and against humanitarian intervention

Answer 3

For: Impartiality and non use of force
Against: They dont necessarily make things better and violates the concept of non intervention set up by sovereignty
Humanitarian Int: Human intervention carried out in pursuit of humanitarian objectives

Question 4

contagion

Answer 4

When theres a crisis somewhere and then investors just take away all their investments from everywhere so it spreads the crisis everywhere.

Question 5

Tragedy of the Commons

Answer 5

The threat posed to global commons by overpopulation for resources.

Question 6

United Nations creation and structure

Answer 6

After 2nd world war, 1942, 26 countries in the start, San Francisco, then delegates of 50 states created the UN charter. Currently 193 members. A state joins the EU by aubmitting formal application for admission, consideration by security council.

Question 7

Reformist and radical ecology

Answer 7

Reformist: L’environnement qui est en train de crash down ca affecte l’economie, et l’economie c’est important.
Radical: Revolutionnary solutions we don’t accept capitalism we don’t focus on economy, ecological

Question 8

mutually assured destruction / deterrence

Answer 8

When a country knows that if they act in a certain way every country will act the same way: nuclear vs nuclear
Deterrence: Strategy to prevent an attack and you put emphasis of the likelyhood of the fight back.

Question 9

Montreal Protocol

Answer 9

1987: environmental protocol, for the ozone layer
Demonstrates how int protocols can be effective

Question 10

Responsibility to Protect

Answer 10

2 criterias: that outline the justification for military action, set up by the canadian government
1: Large scale lost of life, ex: genocide intent: carried out by state
2: Large scale ethnic cleansing by killing, terrorism or rape

Question 11

Human Rights

Answer 11

Universal rights every human are entitled to because they are human.
3 gens of human rights
1: civil & political rights
2: economical, social & political
3: solidarity (communal right)

Question 12

Revolutions in military affairs

Answer 12

RMA: developments in USA for new military strategy based on high tech technology and smart weapons

Question 13

orthodox and alternative view of development

Answer 13

Orthodox: View of development: no poverty equals good economic growth, failure to satisfy material needs
Alternative view of development: Lack of material and non material needs so humanism kind of view, social and cultural inclusion: youre still poor

Question 14

Capitalism

Answer 14

Enterprise capitalism: The market is self regulating
Social: They want to mix market competition with the need for social cohersion
State: State plays a social role
Colonial: World system theory

Question 15

Bretton Woods

Answer 15

Agreement during 2n WW to plan the post war economy, 1944 to reconstruct a post war economy pour pas que ca collaps comme la premiere

Question 16

Universal Declaration of Human Rights

Answer 16

1948: 30 rights, created at the 3rd meeting of the UN, was adopted, non binding

Question 17

Absolute and relative poverty

Answer 17

Absolute poverty: Standard of poverty thats based on income level like food or wall, its when its insufficient like absolutely poor
Relative poverty: Someone thats deprived from costumary things hes used to have like a coat so its not absolute

Question 18

Nuclear weapon

Answer 18

Nuclear Fission Ou Fusion Nuclear to destroy targets with blasted heat and radiation

Question 19

Realism would argue that international organizations (IOs) have no significant independent
impact on global politics. Explain why.
Is this statement accurate? Explicitly draw in three examples from the lectures, class activity or
reading to support your answer.
NOTE: If you find the Realist stance to be inaccurate, then explicitly mention which theory
is more appropriate in your answer.

Answer 19

IOs have no power really because of sovereignty.

• South China Sea: body of water contested by multiple countries in Asia, no real claim possible, still contested
• amnesty internationale
  -world bank
• World health org they cant force anything, just reconmmendations

Question 20

What are nuclear weapons and why are they considered different from other types of military
weapons/tools? Briefly describe the main international efforts to reduce nuclear proliferation
(reduce the spread of nuclear weapons). After assessing these developments, would you argue
they have been successful, partially successful, or largely unsuccessful? Justify your answer.

Answer 20

Largely successful
Nuclear proliferation: the spread of nuclear weapons
Horizontal: Spread of nuclear weapons to non-nuclear states and possibly non-state actors
2 ways for them to spread:
- illegal selling, puchasing or selling eapons
-Attaining the means to build the weapons
Yes, cause it spreaded 1968 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty entered in 1970 nuclear weapon states

Question 21

Which of the following statements describes the primary feature of our current global economy:
(1) the power politics among the dominant states,
(2) the pursuit of growth and profit by powerful economic actors like corporations,
(3) Global North-Global South relations
(4) cooperation between states and others to achieve collective goals (progress,
peace, etc.)
Justify the answer by giving 3 examples from the lectures or readings. In the answer, also
explicitly link each of these statements to their theoretical lens before choosing one.

Question 22

Identify and describe the major efforts international efforts to address climate change. Drawing
on examples of environmental agreements and initiatives covered in the class and readings
explain the possibilities and limits of international environmental cooperation.

Answer 22

1992 UN Convention on Climate Change (UNCCC) – hold conventions annually (COPs)
2015 Paris Accord: inhanced support to assist developing countries
non-binding = can’t force to implement
have good suggestions to help potential victims of climate crisis (North & South)

Question 23

. What has the international community done to address human rights? In your answer identify
what human rights are and explicitly discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the international
efforts.

Answer 23

WW2 efforts, Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR)
- its western centred