IR Flashcards
It is the greatest impact on diagnostic equipment in radiology during the last 2 decades:
a. Subtraction technique
b. Computed tomography
c. Magnetic resonance imaging
d. Digital subtraction angiography
B,C,D
What is the major problem usually encountered in DSA?
a. Misregistration
b. Positioning
c. Preparation
d. All of the above
A
Picture elements are also known as:
a. Memory
b. CPU
c. Pixels
d. Image receptor
C
Hardcopies of a study can be obtained with use of:
a. Digital subtraction angiography
b. Fluoroscopic monitor
c. Image receptor
d. Multiformat camera or laser images
D
Diagnostic purpose in digital subtraction angiography:
a. Allow examination of blood flow to the head
b. Detects and evaluates abnormalities in blood circulation to the brain
c. Helps study results of surgery
d. All of the aboveD
D
Which of the following is/are risks and precaution during digital subtraction angiography procedures? a. Patient poor cardiac function
b. Kidney disease
c. Liver disease
d. All of the above
D
Which of the following is not included in the pathologic conditions that can be seen in digital subtraction angiography? a. Myelogenesis
b. Cerebral aneurysms
c. Angiomas
d. Stenosis
A
Which of the following is not included in the patient preparation?
a. Don’t eat any food
b. No fluids
c. Nothing per orem
d. Full meal
D
Digital subtraction angiography is the procedure done to demonstrate:
a. Opacified blood vessels
b. Bony structures
c. Fracture
d. deformity
A
DSA is the procedure that can visualize the following except:
a. Opacified vessels
b. Stenosis
c. Thrombus
d. fracture
D
Which is not a major component of an X-ray Imaging facility?
a. Rectifier
b. Control Console
c. High voltage generator
d. X-ray tube
A
It is a technical factor that is responsible for penetrating body parts and brings beam to the image receptor: a. mAs
b. Density
c. Kilovoltage peak
d. mA
C
It is the relationship between actual and effective focal spot:
a. Line focus principle
b. Inverse square law
c. All of the above
d. None of the above
A
Which of the following is a unit used for electric potential:
a. Milliampere
b. Kilovoltage
c. Ohms
d. All of the above
B
It is a measure of multiplying milliamperage, kilovoltage peak and the generator constant:
a. Hounsfield units
b. Heat units
c. Ohm`s law
d. None of the above
B
These systems are useful when examining objects in rapid motion or when studying transient events such as the tripping of an electrical breaker:
a. Flash X-ray generator
b. Simple generator
c. Full phase generator
d. X-ray tube
A
It is a transformer that has one winding and one coil:
a. Step down transformer
b. Step up transformer
c. Autotransformer
d. Automatic transformer
C
Transformers operate in what specific principle?
a. Hormesis
b. Electromagnetic induction
c. Electromagnetism
d. Magnetic laws
B
It is a special type of transformer used in x-ray machine that increases the output voltage:
a. Autotransformer
b. Step up transformer
c. Step down transformer
d. Automatic Transformer
B
It is a special type of transformer used in x-ray machine that decreases the output voltage:
a. Autotransformer
b. Step up transformer
c. Step down transformer
d. Automatic transformer
C
It is the negatively part and electrode of an x-ray tube:
a. Anode
b. Cathode
c. Filament
d. Tungsten
B
It is referred to as the boiling off of electrons ready to be ejected to the anode target to complete X-ray production: a. Ionization
b. Cloud seeding
c. Electron cloud
d. Thermionic Emission
D
It is the relationship between actual and effective focal spot:
a. Line focus principle
b. Inverse square law
c. All of the above
d. None of the above
A
X-ray beam is heterogeneous in:
a. Physical
b. Nature
c. Solid state
d. Visible
C
When certain materials are struck with x-rays, they give off visible light; this property is called: a. Remnant rays
b. Ionize gas
c. Radiation
d. Fluorescence
D
X-rays will cause skin to redden and may destroy tissues:
a. Chemically
b. Photographically
c. Physiologically
d. Ionization
C
It is a device that generates x-rays and specially designed vacuum tube with two electrodes: a. Collimator
b. Fluoroscopic monitor
c. Camera
d. X-ray tube
D
Which of the following is not one of the properties of x-rays?
a. X-ray will ionize any gas it pass through
b. Cause electrons to move at high speed
c. X-rays are produced by electrons bombarding a hard target
d. Affect photographic film
D
Milliampere per second (mAs) primarily controls which of the following?
a. Radiographic detail
b. Distortion
c. Density
d. Contrast
C
The glass envelope contains two electrodes. These are:
a. Anode and cathode
b. Tube housing
c. Positive and negative
d. X-ray tube
A
- It is a vacuum that operates by converting photons of light into electrons, amplifying the electrons, and then converting the amplified electrons back into photons for viewing:
a. Image receptor
b. Image Intensifier
c. Image reconstruction
d. None of the above
B
It is a device that converts low levels of light from various wavelengths into visible quantities of light at a single wavelength:
a. Sensitometer
b. Intensifier
c. Image intensifier tube
d. X-ray tube
C
It is made up of thousands of tiny conductive channels, tilted at an angle away from normal to encourage more electron collisions:
a. Intensifier tube
b. Midcoronal plane
c. Midsagittal plane (MSP)
d. Microchannel plate (MCP)
D
It was an image intensifier was used by the military during World War II which allowed vision at night with infrared lighting for both shooting and personal night vision:
a. Generation 0
b. Generation 1
c. Generation 3
d. Generation 4
A
It is a second generation image intensifier that uses the same multialkali photocathode:
a. Imaging plate
b. Micro-channel plate
c. Generator
d. High frequency generator
B
Thin film image intensifiers was developed under what generation?
a. Generation 0
b. Generation 1
c. Generation 3
d. Generation 4
C
It was when the US company Litton developed filmless image tube:
a. 1999
b. 1998
c. 1988
d. 1997
B
It functions like a camera shutter allowing images to pass through when an electronic gate is enabled: a. Intensification
b. Gating
c. Electromagnetism
d. Magnetic laws
B
It is a feature found in many image intensifier tubes that occurs at high frequency and by varying the duty cycle to maintain a constant current draw from the microchannel plate:
a. Gating
b. Phosphorescence
c. Intensification
d. Autogating
D
It defines how many electrons are produced per quantity of light that falls on the photocathode: a. Gain
b. Resolution
c. Sensitivity
d. None of the above
D
Which of the following gradually decrease during the lifetime of an image intensifier?
a. Spatial resolution
b. Contrast resolution
c. All of the above
d. None of the above
C
It is caused by the unequal collection of light at the center of the image intensifier compared with the light at its periphery: a. Lag
b. Vignetting
c. Veiling Glare
d. Pincushion Distortion
B
It is the scattering of light and the defocusing of photoelectrons within the image intensifier:
a. Vignetting
b. Pincushion Distortion
c. Veiling Glare
d. S Distortion
C
It is a geometric, nonlinear magnification across the image:
a. Veiling Glare
b. S Distortion
c. Pincushion Distortion
d. Lag
C
It is a phenomenon wherein electrons within the image intensifier move in paths along designated lines of flux: a. S Distortion
b. Veiling Glare
c. Lag
d. Pincushion Distortion
A
It degrades the temporal resolution of the dynamic image:
a. S Distortion
b. Veiling Glare
c. Lag
d. Pincushion Distortion
C
It is defined as the brightness ratio of the periphery to the center of the output window:
a. Brightness gain
b. Contrast ratio
c. Conversion Factor
d. None of the above
B
Transformers operate in what specific principle?
a. Conversion factor
b. Contrast ratio
c. Brightness gain
d. Flux gain
D
It is defined as the ratio of input area to the output area of the image intensifier: a. Minification gain
b. Flux gain
c. Brightness gain
d. Contrast ratio
A
Which of the following is not a major component of an image intensifier?
a. Input window
b. Input phosphor
c. Image receptor
d. Photocathode
C
Which of the following gradually decrease during the lifetime of an image intensifier?
a. Spatial resolution
b. Contrast resolution
c. All of the above
d. None of the above
C
It is caused by the unequal collection of light at the center of the image intensifier compared with the light at its periphery:
a. Lag
b. Vignetting
c. Veiling Glare
d. Pincushion Distortion
B
It is the scattering of light and the defocusing of photoelectrons within the image intensifier:
a. Vignetting
b. Pincushion Distortion
c. Veiling Glare
d. S Distortion
C
It is a geometric, nonlinear magnification across the image:
a. Veiling Glare
b. S Distortion
c. Pincushion Distortion
d. Lag
C
It is a phenomenon wherein electrons within the image intensifier move in paths along designated lines of flux: a. S Distortion
b. Veiling Glare
c. Lag
d. Pincushion Distortion
A
It degrades the temporal resolution of the dynamic image:
a. S Distortion
b. Veiling Glare
c. Lag
d. Pincushion Distortion
C
It is defined as the brightness ratio of the periphery to the center of the output window:
a. Brightness gain
b. Contrast ratio
c. Conversion Factor
d. None of the above
B
Transformers operate in what specific principle?
a. Conversion factor
b. Contrast ratio
c. Brightness gain
d. Flux gain
D
It is defined as the ratio of input area to the output area of the image intensifier:
a. Minification gain
b. Flux gain
c. Brightness gain
d. Contrast ratio
A
Which of the following is not a major component of an image intensifier?
a. Input window
b. Input phosphor
c. Image receptor
d. Photocathode
C
It was a major technological accomplishment first implemented during the 1950`s:
a. Recording of radiographs in a film
b. Recording of videos in a film
c. Recording of video signals on a magnetic tape
d. Recording of dynamic heart movement
C
It is a technique in which two recording heads are embedded on opposite sides of a cylinder that is rapidly rotated as the tape is drawn past at an angle:
a. Axial-scan recording
b. Helical-scan recording
c. Recording technique
d. mA regulation technique
B
The first home VCRs were first introduced in the mid-1970s by:
a. Sharp
b. Samsung
c. Mitsubishi
d. Sony
D
It is a 300-mm plastic disc on which signals were recorded as a sequence of variable-length pits: a. VCH
b. LaserDisc
c. Diskette
d. CD
B
Digital video disc (DVD) is also known as what?
a. Automated disc
b. Automatic disc
c. Photographic disc
d. Digital versatile disc
D
It is a method in which magnetic recording is made simultaneously with the live-action pickup: a. Flash x-ray generation
b. Simple replay
c. Full phase replay
d. Instant replay
D
This technique removes the image from one camera while inserting the image from another, with a sharp, moving boundary between them:
a. Wipe
b. Stripe
c. Brisk
d. Transform
A
These are used to create graphics and text broadcast over television, particularly in news and weather programs: a. Interconnecting graphics
b. Interactive computer graphics
c. Electromagnets
d. Magnetic graphics
B
It is a form of television pickup device used to record images from film transparencies, either still or motion-picture: a. Printed scanner
b. Flying spot scanner
c. CT scanner
d. Automatic Transformer
B
It is a technique wherein the film is projected onto an image sensor for conversion into a video signal: a. Intermittent projector
b. Continuous projector
c. Telecine
d. Photosensor
C
