IPv4

Question 1

IPv4

Answer 1

A unique layer 3 address number for a node on a network, that’s made up of 32-bits organised into 4 octets of 8 bits each.
- IP address can change due to DHCP releasing a new set or the node connects to a new network
- IP address on a network have to be unique

Question 2

Subnet Mask

Answer 2

A 32-bit number that divides an IP address into two parts: network & host
Network part consists of 1s
Host part consists of 0s

Question 3

Default Gateway

Answer 3

Is the IP address that connected a private network to the internet (public network)

Question 4

Public IP address

Answer 4

Is an address assigned to a default Gateway by an ISP that allows that network to uses that IP address to communicate over the internet.
- Public IP address are lease out by DHCP

Question 5

Private IP Address

Answer 5

Is set IP address that is used for nodes on a private network. The IP address allows the nodes to communicate on the private network but doesn’t allow the node to access the internet.
Private IP address sets:
- 10.0.0.0/8
- 172.16.0.0/12
- 192.168.0.0/16

Question 6

Network Address Translation (NAT)

Answer 6

The process used for a Private IP address to be translated into a Public IP address so that the node can access the internet

Question 7

APIPA

Answer 7

169.254.0.0/16
Is a protocol used by Windows and Mac host that assigns the host a Private IP address when it cannot reach DHCP. This allows the host to access the segment of the network it is apart of

Question 8

Reserved IPv4 address

Answer 8

Private:
- 10.0.0.0/8
- 172.16.0.0/12
- 192.168.0.0/16
APIPA:
- 169.254.0.0/16
Loopback:
- 127.0.0.0/8

Question 9

IP Address Assignment

Answer 9

Static
- a manually assigned IP address and subnet mask in TCP/IP properties
DHCP
- a server on a network server that assigns a host network configuration (IP address, subnet mask, default Gateway, DNS) often for a set amount of time
Self-assigned
- Windows and Mac address that cannot reach DHCP assigns them selves an APIPA address
No-address
- No address configured/Obtained

Question 10

Binary translation

Answer 10

Binary is a base 2 numbering system (numbers increases in multiples of 2) consisting of 1s and 0s.
- if 1 then add the decimal equivalent
- if 0 then do nothing

Question 11

Decimal to Binary

Answer 11

• Find the largest number is the octet that that fits within the decimal and mark that binary position as a 1
• subtract form octet
• repeat

Question 12

Subnet Mask

Answer 12

Is a number that divides the an IP address into a network and host which allows the host to determine if the destination is on the same network or not. Subnet mask is constructed by VLSM and classes addressing which uses 1s to determine the network and 0s for the host.
- All host (including default gateway) on the same network must have the same subnet mask

Question 13

Calculating Subnet

Answer 13

Delta Method:
- identify starting subnet mask
- Determine number of bits to move forward
- Move mask and Identify the delta (decimal equivalent for subnets needed)
- Use delta to calculate subnet IDs and IP range

Question 14

Subnet IDs and IP Range

Answer 14

The delta (decimal equivalent of subnets needed) will determine the increments of the IP range