Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Pharmacology I Exam #2 > IPS > Flashcards

IPS Flashcards

(69 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Name the 3 macrolides

A

Erythromycin ORAL/IV
Clarithromycin ORAL
Azithromycin (Z pack) ORAL/IV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Are macrolides bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal?

A

Bacteriostatic (conc. and organism dependent)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which subunit do macrolides bind to?

A

50s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the MOA of the macrolides?

A

Inhibition of protein synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which of the macrolides is an alternative to penicillin if pt has penicillin allergy?

A

Erythromycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the spectrum coverage of the macrolides?

A

G+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Erythromycin is the DOC for:

A

Legionella species
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Chlamydia pneumoniae and C. pneumoniae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the MOR of the macrolides

A
  • Efflux pumps

- Methylation of drug binding site

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Macrolide toxicity

A

-Diarrhea
-GI effects (Clarithro least, Erythro most)
-QT prolongation
-Drug interacts (CYP3A4) (Azithro most favorable)
***Toxicity is synergistic
SEE CHART SLIDE 14

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which abx belongs to the Ketolide family?

A

Telithromycin ORAL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Are Ketolides bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal?

A

Bacteriostatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

MOA for Ketolides

A

Binds to 50s subunit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the spectrum of activity of Telithromycin (ketolides)

A
  • Broad spectrum

- Good against respiratory pathogens including erythromycin and penicillin-resistant pneumococci

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is telithromycin used for?

A

Community acquired pneumoniae (2nd choice after macrolides)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Telithromycin (Ketolide) toxicity

A
  • Very hepatotoxic- should NOT be used in children

- Diarrhea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which enzyme is Telithryomycin an inhibitor of? Is this reversible or irreversible?

A

REVERSIBLE inhibitor of CYP3A4 enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Is Clindamycin bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal?

A
  • Bacteriostatic
  • Can be bacteriocidal depending on concentration at the site of action and on the specific susceptibility of the organism
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the MOA of Clindamycin?

A

Reversibly binds to 50s subunit - protein synthesis inhibition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the spectrum of Clindamycin?

A

Aerobic G+

Some anaerobic G- and G+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is Clindamycin useful in treating?

A
  • Concentrates highly in bones; useful for osteomyelitis
  • Acne (topical)
  • Toxoplasma enchephalitis (despite poor CNS conc.)
  • Toxic Shock Syndrome (use with vanco, nafcillin, or first gen cephalorsporin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the adverse side effects of Clindamycin

A

Well known cause of pseudomonas colitis (C. diff infection)

-Take them off Clinda and put them on Vanco

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Clindamycin is the DOC for

A
  • Strep pyogenes

- Clostridia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What drug is in the Oxazolidinones family?

A

Linezolid IV/ORAL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the MOA for Linezolid?

A

Reversibly inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50s subunit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is Linezolid an inhibitor of?
Reversible, non-selective inhiibtor of monamine oxidase (MAO)
26
What is the spectrum coverage of Linezolid?
Aerobic G+ organisms
27
Is Linezolid bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal?
Bacteriostatic EXCEPT it is cidal for streptococci
28
What are the uses of Linezolid?
- Bacterial pneumoniae - Skin infections - VRE infections - MRSA infections
29
Toxicity of Linezolid
- Usual side effects and interactions as the MAO inhibitors - Hypersensitivty - Pheochromocytomia (kidney tumor)
30
What are the drug interactions of Linezolid?
Heterocyclic antidepressants, tricyclic antidepressantsm SSRIs
31
Name the streptogrammins
Dalfopristin | Quinupristin
32
Streptogrammin MOA
Inhibit protein synthesis, binds to 50s subunit
33
What is an important pharmacokinetic factor for the streptogrammins
When administered together via IV, they have a synergistic
34
Are streptogrammins bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal?
When used TOGETHER, they are bacterocidal
35
Streptogrammin spectrum
G+
36
Adverse reactions of streptogrammins
- Hepatotoxicity, N/V, pain, pruritus, rash | - INHIBIT THE P450 drug metabolizing system (think warfarin)
37
What are the 5 Aminoglycosides
``` Streptomycin IV/IM Gentamycin IV/IM/TOPICAL Tobramycin IV/IM/TOPICAL Amikacin IV/IM Neomycin ORAL/TOPICAL ```
38
Are the Aminoglycosides static or cidal?
CIDAL under AEROBIC conditions only
39
Aminoglycoside MOA
Irreversibly inhibit protein synthesis; 30s subunit
40
What should Aminoglycosides always be combined with?
B-Lactam abx - B-lactams break down the cell wall - Aminoglycosides do the killing from the inside
41
What is unique about the Aminoglycoside structure? What do Aminoglycosides require to work?
Large and polar, therefore must be actively transported in. This is an oxygen requiring process!
42
We give a pt an aminoglycoside when there is a suspicion of (2 things):
Sepsis or endocarditis
43
Aminoglycosides are the DOC for:
P. aeruginosa
44
Why do we use a megadose of aminoglycosides once a day?
Concentration dependent killing | Have significant PAE
45
Aminoglycoside toxicity
Ototoxicity Nephrotoxicity ***Dependent on duration of TIME the CONCENTRATION of drug is used above threshold
46
MOR against Aminoglycosides
-Deficiency of ribosomal receptors -Lack of permeability into bacteria -Enzymatic modification by bacteria (cross-resistance: bacteria resistant to one aminoglycoside is likely resistant to another aminoglycoside)
47
What are the 3 abx that bind to the 30s subunit?
-Aminoglycosides -Tetracyclines (broad spectrum abx) -Glycylcyclines (broad spectrum abx) All other IPS bind to 50s
48
What are the Gram + IPS?
- Macrolides - Streptogrammins - Oxazolidinones POSITIVE Memories Start in October
49
What are the broad spectrum IPS?
- Broad spectrum abx - Ketolides - Clindamycin 3 broads Kissed Cliff
50
What abx is associated w/ fatal aplastic anemia, gray baby syndrome, and bone marrow suppression?
Chloramphenicol
51
Name the 3 classes of broad spectrum abx
Chloramphenicol Tetracyclines Glycylcyclines
52
Are the broad spectrum abx static or cidal?
Static
53
What subunits do each broad spectrum abx bind to?
Chloramphenical 50s Tetracyclines and Glycylcyclines 30s
54
MOA for broad spectrum abx
Inhibit protein synthesis (w/ respective subunits)
55
What can chloramphenicol inhibit in mammalian cells that makes it so toxic?
Inhibit mitochondrial protein synthesis in mammalian cells; results in many adverse affects
56
What are some therapeutic uses of chloramphenicol
DUE TO TOXIC EFFECTS, ONLY USE THIS DRUG AS A LAST RESORT! - Typhoid fever - Meningitis - Eye infections - G- infections - Lyme/tick related illnesses
57
Toxicities of Chloramphenicol
- Fatal aplastic anemia - Bone marrow suppression - Gray baby syndrome
58
Which chloramphenicol toxicities are dose-dependent and dose-independent
- Bone marrow suppression: Dose DEPENDENT | - Fatal aplastic anemia: Dose INDEPENDENT
59
Which drug as the best CNS penetration?
Chloramphenicol (but incredibly toxic)
60
Chloramphenicol MOR
- Efflux pumps | - Acetyl transferase produced my resistant organisms inactivates chloramphenicol
61
Name the 3 Tetracyclines
- Tetracycline ORAL/TOPICAL - Doxycycline ORAL - Minocycline ORAL
62
Tetracyclines are the DOC for:
- H. pylori - Mycoplasma pneumoniae - Chlamydia infections - Virbrio cholera - Early lyme disease
63
Tetracycline MOR
Efflux pumps
64
What are 2 important pharmacokinetic factors regarding tetracycline
- Avoid taking vitamins (Tetracycline chelates with Ca, Fe, and Al) - Deposits in bone and teeth
65
Adverse affects of tetracyclines? Who should NOT be prescribed tetracyclines?
- Normal flor changes - Bone growth inhibition - Teeth discolorationg - Photosensitivity *Do not prescribe to pregnant women or childreen 8 years old or younger
66
What drug belongs in the Glycylcycline family
Tigecycline
67
Tigecycline has a similar spectrum to tetra, doxy, and minocycline, PLUS
Activity against tetra-cycline resistant organisms
68
Adverse affects of tigecycline
Similar to Tetracyclines + nausea and vomiting
69
What can tigacycline be used to treat
MRSA MRSE PRSP VRE

Pharmacology I Exam #2 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions