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CCNP-ENCOR > IP routing essentials > Flashcards

IP routing essentials Flashcards

1
Q

What is the purpose of a router

A

To forward traffic between different network segments.

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2
Q

How does a router learn about route paths

A

from static and dynamic routing protocols

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3
Q

What is a dynamic routing protocol

A

A protocol that distributes network topology information between routers and provide ongoing updates to the topology without physical intervention. A dynamic routing protocol will attempt to select the best loop free path to the destination in the current network.

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4
Q

What is an Autonomous System (AS)

A

Is a network of systems running the same dynamic routing protocol and managed under the same network administration.

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5
Q

What is an Interior gateway protocol

A

a routing protocol optimised for routing within an AS

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6
Q

What is an exterior gateway protocol

A

a routing protocol optimised for routing between AS’s

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7
Q

What are the different types of dynamic routing algorithms

A

Distance Vector
Enhanced Distance Vector
Link State
Path Vector

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8
Q

What is a distance vector algorithm

A

determines the best route for data packets based on distance.

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9
Q

What routing protocol uses a distance vector algorithm

A

RIPv2

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10
Q

What is the metric used in RIP

A

Hops to destination

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11
Q

Does RIP have a complete map of the network topology

A

NO

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12
Q

What is the advantage of RIP

A

very low CPU resource consumed.

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13
Q

What is the main disadvantage of RIP

A

It relies purely on hop count, no consideration is taken into the bandwidth of the link.

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14
Q

What is an enhanced distance vector algorithm

A

It is an enhanced version of distance vector that relies on more than just distance(hops) to calculate the metric.

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15
Q

What routing protocol uses an enhanced distance vector algorithm

A

EIGRP

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16
Q

What is the metric used in EIGRP

A

by default (total path delay + minimum bandwidth)

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17
Q

Does EIGRP have a complete map of the network topology

A

No

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18
Q

What is the advantage of EIGRP

A

Rapid convergence time
updates are only sent when there is an update.
Uses multiple attributes to calculate metric not just hop count.
Supports un-equal cost multi pathing

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19
Q

What is a link state algorithm, and how does it identify the best path

A

Each router advertises every connect & directly connected routes and the state of that link to each other router. When the entire topology is learnt. Then Dijkstra’s algorithm is ran to identify the shortest path

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20
Q

What are the advertisement packets called in:

OSPF
IS-IS

A

OSPF: LSA
IS-IS: LSP

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21
Q

What is the advantages to link state routing protocols

A

due to running the Dijkstra algorithm less chance of routing loops

Better path decisions

OSPF and IS-IS have features that allow them to support technology such as MPLS traffic engineering.

22
Q

What is the main disadvantage of link state routing protocols

A

Due to all routers having to have an identical map of the network to perform the algorithm a high amount of CPU usage is required.

23
Q

What is a path vector algorithm

A

It uses multiple attributes to calculate metric.

24
Q

What routing protocol uses path vector algorithm

A

BGP

25
Q

How does BGP prevent routing loops

A

By recording the AS number of every AS the packets pass through and will automatically drop the packet if it matches

26
Q

When multiple paths have the same destination network address what is the process for selecting the route to be installed into the RIB

A
  1. Longest prefix length /26>/23
  2. AD of routing protocol
  3. Metric
27
Q

What is the default administrative distance of a connected route

A

0

28
Q

What is the default administrative distance of a directly connected route

A

1

29
Q

What is the default administrative distance of EIGRP (Summary route)

A

5

30
Q

What is the default administrative distance of eBGP

A

20

31
Q

What is the default administrative distance of EIGRP (internal)

A

90

32
Q

What is the default administrative distance of OSPF

A

110

33
Q

What is the default administrative distance of IS-IS

A

115

34
Q

What is the default administrative distance of RIP

A

120

35
Q

What is the default administrative distance of EIGRP (external)

A

170

36
Q

What is the default administrative distance of iBGP

A

200

37
Q

What is equal cost multi pathing

A

When 2 routes from the same protocol are presented that have the same metric. Both routes will be entered into the RIB and the traffic will be load balanced across the 2 paths.

38
Q

What dynamic routing protocols support equal cost multi pathing

A

RIP
EIGRP
OSPF
IS-IS

39
Q

What is un-equal cost multi pathing

A

When 2 routes from the same protocol are presented that have the different metrics. Both routes can be entered into the RIB and the traffic will be load balanced across the 2 paths. This is not enabled by default.

40
Q

What dynamic routing protocols support equal cost multi pathing

A

EIGRP

41
Q

What is a directly attached static route

A

A static route where the next hop is defined as the outgoing interface.

42
Q

What is a recursive static route

A

A static route where the next hop is defined as the remote link IP address.

43
Q

What is a fully specified static route

A

a static route where both the outgoing interface and the remote IP are defined.

44
Q

IPv6 uses the same principles for routing as IPv4

True or False

A

True

44
Q

What is a static null interface

A

A logical interface that drops all traffic destined for it.

45
Q

What command is needed to enable IPv6 routing

A

IPv6 unicast routing

46
Q

What is a VRF

A

A technology that creates multiple virtual routers on 1 physical router.

47
Q

What parameters are separated between VRF instances

A

Routing tables
Router interfaces
Forwarding tables

48
Q

What is the default VRF called

A

Global

49
Q

What is the main advantage of VRFs

A

Increased network security by separation

CCNP-ENCOR (17 decks)

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