IP Addressing Flashcards
What is an IP address?
A numerical label assigned to a device on a network for identification and communication.
At which OSI layer do IP addresses function?
Layer 3 (Network Layer).
How do IP addresses differ from MAC addresses?
IP addresses connect different networks (Layer 3), while MAC addresses are used for internal LAN communication (Layer 2).
How is an IP address similar to a mailing address?
Like a mailing address identifies a house, an IP address uniquely identifies a device for sending/receiving data.
What happens if a laptop does not have an IP address?
It is like a house without an address—cannot send or receive data.
What is the format of an IPv4 address?
32-bit address written in dotted decimal notation (e.g., 192.168.1.1).
How many total IPv4 addresses exist?
Approximately 4.3 billion (2³² addresses).
What are the five IPv4 address classes?
Class A, B, C (for normal use), Class D (Multicast), Class E (Experimental).
What are the first octet ranges for IPv4 address classes?
Class A: 1-126, Class B: 128-191, Class C: 192-223, Class D: 224-239, Class E: 240-255.
What is a loopback IP address?
127.0.0.1 (used for internal testing).
What is APIPA?
169.254.x.x address assigned when a DHCP server is unavailable.
What are private IPv4 address ranges?
Class A: 10.0.0.0 – 10.255.255.255, Class B: 172.16.0.0 – 172.31.255.255, Class C: 192.168.0.0 – 192.168.255.255.
What is the purpose of a subnet mask?
To divide an IP address into network and host portions.
What is the default subnet mask for a Class C network?
255.255.255.0 (/24).
What are the two ways devices can obtain an IP address?
Static assignment (manual) and Dynamic assignment (via DHCP).
What protocol assigns dynamic IP addresses?
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol).
What happens when a device’s DHCP lease expires?
It must request a new IP address.
What is subnetting?
Dividing a network into smaller subnetworks for efficiency and security.
What does CIDR stand for?
Classless Inter-Domain Routing (allows flexible subnet masks).
What is the formula for calculating usable IPs in a subnet?
2^h - 2, where h is the number of host bits.
How many usable hosts does a /26 subnet provide?
62 usable addresses (64 total, subtracting 2 for network/broadcast).
Why was IPv6 created?
IPv4 address exhaustion.
How many bits are in an IPv6 address?
128 bits (compared to IPv4’s 32 bits).
What is the IPv6 loopback address?
36892
What does an IPv6 address use instead of dots?
Colons (:)
What are the three types of IPv6 addresses?
Unicast, Multicast, Anycast.
How is an IPv6 address shortened?
Remove leading zeros and replace consecutive zero segments with ::.
What are IPv6 link-local addresses used for?
Communication within a local network (FE80::/10 range).
What is the IPv6 multicast prefix?
FF00::/8
What is Dual Stack?
Running both IPv4 and IPv6 simultaneously on a device.
What is 6to4 tunneling?
Encapsulating IPv6 packets inside IPv4 for transmission.
What is NAT64?
Translating IPv6 addresses to IPv4 for compatibility.
What are the three data flow types in IPv4?
Unicast, Multicast, Broadcast.
What are the three data flow types in IPv6?
Unicast, Multicast, Anycast (IPv6 has no broadcast).
What is the difference between multicast and broadcast?
Multicast sends to a specific group, Broadcast sends to all devices in a network.
What is anycast?
A packet is sent to the nearest available recipient.
What is the fastest way to identify an IPv6 address?
It contains colons (:) and hexadecimal numbers (0-9, A-F).
What is a common exam trick related to private IPs?
Be careful with 172.x.x.x—only 172.16.0.0 – 172.31.255.255 is private.
What does a /30 subnet provide?
4 total addresses (2 usable, 1 network, 1 broadcast).
What are the key benefits of IPv6 over IPv4?
Larger address space, built-in security (IPsec), and no NAT required.
