IP Addresses Flashcards
What do the first two numbers represent of an IP address?
The first two numbers represent the network address
What do the last two numbers represent of an IP address?
The last two numbers represent the host address
What is the Network ID?
Network ID identifies the network address on which a device or computer can be found.
What is the host ID?
Host ID identifies the address of a specific device on the network.
What is subnetting?
Subnetting is used to divide the IP address into a network address and the host addresses.
The subnet mask is a number that is used to mask the IP address; it consists of a series of 0s and 1s, and the host address is identified by executing a logical BITWISE AND operation.
What is a subnet mask?
Subnet mask is a number used to divide the IP address into a network address and the host addresses.
What are the two Ip address standards?
There are currently two IP address standards known as v4 and v6.
Why does IPv6 exist?
IP standards have needed to change to accommodate the growth of the number of Internet devices and the consequent need for each device to have a unique IP address
What is IP address v4?
IP address v4 is based on the original 32-bit code.
It is written as a set of four decimal numbers of up to three digits, separated by dots.
What is IP address v6?
IP address v6 is based on a 128-bit code and can address more devices.
It is written as a set of eight groups of four hexadecimal numbers, separated by colons.
What is a public Ip address?
A public IP address is where a device is assigned to permit direct access routed via the Internet; these IP addresses are totally unique and routable.
What is an private IP address?
A private IP address is where a device is connected to a private network; for example, a home network system.
What can private networks do?
Private networks can be connected to the Internet via a router or a proxy server, in which case the Internet connects to the public IP address of the router / proxy server.
What is an DHCP?
Dynamic host configuration protocol (DHCP) is a network protocol in which IP addresses are automatically assigned to devices when they connect to the network. In the case of dynamic addressing, a device may be assigned a different IP address each time that it is connected to the network.
What are static IP adresses?
What is an dynamic IP address?
What is the advantage of using dynamic IP addresses?
The advantage of using dynamic IP addresses is that no administration is necessary and the server automatically keeps a record of the IP addresses connected to the network.
What is Network Address Translation?
Network address translation is the technique used to assign a private network a registered public IP address which can then be mapped to the private IP addresses of the devices in the network.
What are the benefits of network Address Translation?
- The private IP address is hidden from the Internet, ensuring it is more secure from unauthorised access.
- The number of public IP addresses that need to be registered by an organisation is limited, saving costs and administration.
What is port forwarding?
Port forwarding is a technique used to route data to private IP addresses using additional ports.
What is a client server model?
A client-server model is where the workstations in any network design use the server to provide a service.
What are the different types of servers?
Email server – provides client email handling
* Web server – handles website hosting and client website traffic
* File server – contains network files, including programs and data
* Database server – stores database, and handles client editing, searching and interaction
* Print server – handles client printing by buffering and ordering individual print tasks
What is an API?
Application program interface (API) is a set of function calls that enable communication between two programs.
What does the API consist of?
The API consists of a set of rules that allow one application to communicate with another or to move data from one application to another.
What is an websocket protocol?
Websocket protocol describes the rules for creating a persistent connection between two networked computers to enable real-time data transfer.
What does the websocket protocol create?
The websocket protocol creates a persistent connection between the client and web server after a successful handshake routine. This connection is full duplex, meaning that data can be exchanged in both directions.
What is CRUD?
The main functions used to control web-based databases are create, retrieve, update and delete – defined by the acronym CRUD.
What does the CRUD table look like?
CRUD SQL HTTP
Create INSERT POST
Retrieve SELECT GET
Update UPDATE PUT
Delete DELETE DELETE
What does CRUD stand for?
Create, Retrieve, Update and Delete?
What are the CRUD Functions important for?
All of the CRUD functions are necessary to create and manage a database.
What is SQL?
Structured query language (SQL) is used to control and manage relational databases; it contains equivalent commands to CRUD, as listed in the table shown.
What is REST?
Representational state transfer (REST) is a methodology for implementing web-based databases. It makes use of hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) commands to perform the CRUD function necessary to create and manage a database.
What are stages of the communication routes REST uses?
The client uses a web browser to send a request to the database.
* The database service request query is identified using its URL (uniform resource locator).
* The API (application program interface) is used to link the client to the database and coordinate the query.
* The service request and associated data are transmitted using HTTP (hypertext transfer protocol).
* The database server response is in the form of XML (extensible markup language) or JSON (JavaScript object notation).
