IP ADDREEING WEEK 11 Flashcards
What is an IP address, and why is it essential in computer networks?
An IP address is a 32-bit sequence of 0s and 1s used as a unique identifier for devices on a network. It allows devices to communicate and ensures proper data routing.
Explain the structure of an IPv4 address. How is it divided?
An IPv4 address is divided into four octets, separated by periods (e.g., 192.168.1.10). It consists of a network part and a host part. For example, in 192.168.1.10, “192.168.1” is the network part, and “.10” is the host part.
What is the address space of IPv4, and how is it calculated?
The address space of IPv4 is
2
32
2
32
, which equals 4,294,967,296 unique addresses.
What are the ranges for Class A, B, and C IP addresses?
Class A: 1.0.0.1 to 126.255.255.254
Class B: 128.0.0.1 to 191.255.255.254
Class C: 192.0.0.1 to 223.255.254.254
How many hosts can be supported by each class of IP address?
Class A: 16,777,214 hosts
Class B: 65,534 hosts
Class C: 254 hosts
What is the significance of reserved IP addresses like 127.0.0.1?
Reserved addresses, such as 127.0.0.1, are used for special purposes like loopback testing.
What is a multicast IP address, and in which class do they fall?
Multicast IP addresses belong to Class D (224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255). They allow a single source to send data to multiple recipients on a network.
Compare IPv4 and IPv6 in terms of address length and usage.
IPv4: 32 bits, approximately 4.3 billion addresses, not geographically assigned.
IPv6: 128 bits, virtually unlimited addresses, assigned by geographic regions.
What is subnetting, and why is it used?
Subnetting divides a larger network into smaller subnetworks to improve performance, enhance security, and efficiently use IP addresses.
How do you calculate the number of subnets and hosts in a subnet?
Subnets:
2
𝑥
2
x
, where
𝑥
x is the number of bits borrowed for subnetting.
Hosts:
2
𝑦
−
2
2
y
−2, where
𝑦
y is the number of host bits
Calculate the subnet, broadcast address, and host range for IP 192.168.1.193 with a subnet mask of 255.255.255.240.
Subnet: 192.168.1.192
Broadcast: 192.168.1.207
Host Range: 192.168.1.193 to 192.168.1.206
What are the advantages and disadvantages of subnetting?
Advantages: Improved performance, enhanced security, simplified troubleshooting, efficient IP usage.
Disadvantages: Complex configuration, potential communication issues, increased management overhead.
Design a subnet for a company with 50 hosts per network. What subnet mask would you use?
Answer: Use a subnet mask of 255.255.255.192 (/26), which provides 62 usable host addresses (
2
6
−
2
2
6
−2).
How would you assign static and dynamic IP addresses in a network?
Static: Manually configured for critical devices like servers.
Dynamic: Assigned by a DHCP server for general devices like laptops and smartphones.
What is the broadcast address for the subnet 10.0.0.0/25?
The broadcast address is 10.0.0.127.
What is the role of DNS, and what port number does it use?
DNS translates domain names into IP addresses and uses port 53.
Describe the difference between TCP and UDP in terms of reliability and use cases.
TCP: Reliable, used for applications requiring data integrity (e.g., web browsing, file transfer).
UDP: Less reliable, used for real-time applications (e.g., VoIP, streaming).
Match the following protocols to their port numbers:
FTP: ___
DHCP: ___
SMTP: ___
POP3: ___
Answer:
FTP: 20, 21
DHCP: 68, 69
SMTP: 25
POP3: 110
Why is IPv6 adoption important, and what challenges does it address?
IPv6 resolves the exhaustion of IPv4 addresses, offering scalability and improved features like simplified header processing and better security.
