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Networks > IP > Flashcards

IP Flashcards

1
Q

How to do scalable forwarding?

A

Need location aware forwarding - global hierarchical addresses

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2
Q

What does the IP protocol do?

A

glues together different netowrk technologies

1) run the IP layer, 2) have interfaces that speak different protocols

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3
Q

IP runs on what?

A

routers

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4
Q

Problems with classful addressing?

A

1) inefficient use of address space

2) too many routing entries

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5
Q

Host, subnet mask, and subnet number interaction

A

Host & mast = subnet number

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6
Q

Forwarding table with subnet number/mask

A

subnet number, network mask, next hop

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7
Q

Steps for finding next hop with subnetting

A

get packet -> apply mask to addr -> get subnet # -> see if subnet # you got matches the subset number listed

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8
Q

Switch vs. Router layer

A

Switch - link/mac

Router - IP/network

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9
Q

use for Switch vs. Router

A

switch - connect LAN to form switch networks

router - connecct switch networks to form internetworks

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10
Q

hardware for switch vs. router

A

switch - ports belong to some link layer technology

router - ports running different technologies

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11
Q

function for switch vs. router

A

switch - lookups on mac address

router - lookups on IP address

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12
Q

types of routing protocols

A

intradomain and interdomain

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13
Q

intradomain routing protocols

A

run inside an internetwork

ex - Open shortest path first (OSPF), routing information protocol (RIP)

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14
Q

interdomain routing protocols

A

establish connectivity across internetworks (BGP)

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15
Q

benefits of subnetting

A

prevent external enity from using a disproportionately large number of addresses

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16
Q

subnetting

A

way of taking a classful network address and slicing it into multiple subnetwork addresses using subnet masks

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17
Q

Benefits of classless routing (prefixes)

A

1) decrease # forwarding table entries, 1 entry per prefix

2) address space utilitization

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18
Q

route aggregation

A

if multiple entries in router have contiguous prefix and next hops are the same, can collapse into 1 entry

19
Q

ARP

A

address resolution protocol

given an IP address, get mac address

20
Q

How does ARP work?

A

special broadcast mac frame - has sender who is requesting (their mac and IP) and the IP you are requesting Mac for

21
Q

Intradomain routing

A

w/in an internetwork
DV - RIP
LS -OSPF, IS-IS

22
Q

Distance Vector

A

each router only knows cost of its neighbors

23
Q

When are DV messages sent?

A

periodically or in a triggered fashion

24
Q

How does DV work?

A

host receives a message from neighbor and sees if current cost for each destination is less than currently stored

25
Q

Problem with DV?

A

Count to infinity

26
Q

solution

A

use small count to infinity, poisoned reverse

27
Q

Poisoned reverse

A

when a router uses another router to reach a destination, announce distance to that router as infinity

28
Q

Reliable flooding

A

gets link stement, update local state and send out to other links

29
Q

What happens if get multiple link state updates from same host?

A

Use sequence number to make sure only update when needed

30
Q

Link state update

A

each router has a view of network topology

31
Q

line cards

A

router interfaces

32
Q

routing processor

A

has/does routing protocols

computes routing tables but does not do forwarding decisions (want to avoid 1 central forwarding table)

33
Q

Problem with input buffering?

A

Head of line blocking

34
Q

Solution for head of line blocking?

A

virtualize input paths

virtual output queuing - organize input buffer based on output buffer

35
Q

Interdomain routing protocol

A

BGP (border gateway protocol)

36
Q

AS types

A

ISPs, stub networks

37
Q

3 special routers in BGP

A

1) backbone/core routers
2) edge routers
3) BGP speaking routers

38
Q

BGP routers

A

connect to other BGP speaking routers in other ISPs and participate in BGP protocol - connect an autonomous system to another autonomous system

39
Q

Relationships is BGP

A

provider, customer, peers

40
Q

If receive 3 advertisements for same prefix, which one to choose?

A

No provider because will have to pay - choose route though customer because they are paying you

41
Q

Who do I tell of route learned through customer?

A

Everyone

42
Q

Who do I tell of route learned through provider?

A

Customer

43
Q

Who do I tell of route learned through peer?

A

Customer

44
Q

BGP import policy

A

cust > peers > prov

Networks (2 decks)

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