Ip

Question 1

What is IP fragmentation?

Answer 1

Break a large IP packet into a smaller pieces to fit the MTU of underlying network. If any fragment is lost, then the whole datagram is discarded

Question 2

IPV4 Addresses

Answer 2

32 bits written in 4 decimal numbers which has a network and host part. Is assigned to interfaces so a host can have multiple interfaces and multiple IPs

Question 3

Subnetting

Answer 3

Dividing a network into smaller sub networks for better organization and efficiency. A subnet mask helps identify how many bits of the IP address are used in network

Question 4

Supernetting/CIDR

Answer 4

Combines multiple smaller networks in to a big one using CIDR. CIDR has IP/prefix_length for which are the network bits and rest are the host bits

Question 5

What is ARP? and why is it important?

Answer 5

ARP maps IP address to MAC hardware address on a local network. It’s important because devices can only send Ethernet frames using MAC addresses and it allows for IP based communication that works for Ethernet and WIFI

Question 6

What is DHCP? And why is it important?

Answer 6

Automatically assigns IP address and other network information (subnet mask, default gateway, dns) to devices. It’s important because without it, IP would need to be manually configured and it supports dynamic networks with many devices

Question 7

What is an IP tunnel?

Answer 7

Encapsulating IP packets with other packets for VPNs

Question 8

How does ARP work?

Answer 8

1. Device knows IP but not MAC
2. ARP request sent and target replies with ARP reply containing MAC address

Question 9

How does DHCP work?

Answer 9

1. Device sends DHCP discover
2. Server replies with DHCP offer
3. Device sends a DHCP request
4. Server sends DCHP ACK