IoT Flashcards
What is IoT also known as?
Pervasive or Ubiquitous Computing
What is the basic definition of IoT?
Interconnected computers of different types interacting and coordinating with each other, associated with objects and locations
What are the three key characteristics of IoT?
1) Decentralized control and device ephemerality 2) Adaptability and intelligence in dynamic environments 3) Acting based on current situation through distributed intelligence
How do IoT environments differ from traditional distributed systems?
IoT environments have common errors/unpredictability, require adaptability, and need autonomy in dynamic conditions
What are the main microcomputer devices used in IoT?
Arduino and Raspberry Pi
What is the main purpose of RFID in IoT?
Short-range communication and unique identification for objects
What is the main limitation of RFID?
Must be activated by an antenna and cannot compute or sense independently
How do beacons improve upon RFID?
They add active communication via Bluetooth low-energy and integrate memory and sensors
What are the main limitations of beacon technology?
Limited Bluetooth range and quick battery depletion
What technologies enable routing in sensor and actuator networks?
ZigBee and WiFi
What is the main limitation of sensor networks?
Deployment challenges and constrained computation to limit battery usage
What are four main applications of Smart Cities in IoT?
Traffic management, energy optimization, social activity coordination, and real-time traffic light adjustments
What are the key features of Smart Homes in IoT?
Ambient assistance for health, automation, daily management, and climate control based on occupancy
What are the main components of Industry 4.0 in IoT?
Automated production, warehouse management, and robotics
What is the WebOfThings approach?
Associating URLs to devices and their services/commands, accessing them via HTTP
What are the main problems with traditional IoT architectures?
No event management, RESTful means no state, no consideration for autonomous components, no suitable coordination tools
What are the advantages of centralized IoT architectures?
Simple to realize, all info accessible from single point, quite secure
What are the disadvantages of centralized IoT architectures?
No real-time decisions/actions, mismatches between data location and decision-making, doesn’t suit autonomous components
What are the advantages of distributed (Edge Computing) architectures?
Locality, real-time decisions, support for autonomous entities
What are the disadvantages of distributed architectures?
Requires fully distributed algorithms, complex middleware, highly insecure
What are the levels in the Computing Continuum from bottom to top?
Edge (IoT devices), Mist (local fog servers), Fog (condominium server), Local cloud (city), Global cloud
What is fluid computing in IoT?
Dynamically allocating computational tasks at any level of the continuum
What are the four main challenges that IoT middleware addresses?
Interoperability, Security, Event Management, Coordination
What are five key future challenges in IoT?
Security, Semantic interoperability, Fully decentralized solutions, Cognitive and autonomous components, Human interfaces
