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physical agents 2 > iontophoresis > Flashcards

iontophoresis Flashcards

1
Q

what is iontophoresis

A

transdermal drug delivery using low voltage DC to move ions across a dermal barrier

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2
Q

what’s the most likely mechanism of iontophoresis

A

increase in permeability of corneum stratum

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3
Q

iontophoresis depth of penetration

A

3-20mm

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4
Q

iontophoresis depth of penetration mechanism

A
  • may be linked to type of molecular structure being moved
  • medication is placed in aqueous solution to dissociate into (+) and (-) ions
  • low volt DC can then use polarity to move these ions
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5
Q

3 mechanisms of ion transfer

A
  • electromigration
  • electroporation
  • electroosmosis
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6
Q

what is electroporation

A

increase in porosity of epidermis in response to e-stim

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7
Q

what is electromigration

A

movement of ions into tissue; based on “volume flow” and not just diffusion

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8
Q

what is electroosmosis

A
  • human skin has a net (-) charge
  • ions moving from (+) to (-)
  • so for (+) charged ions this may enhance the delivery of ions as they are “going with the flow” and hinder movement of (-) ions
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9
Q

what is the driving force behind iontophoresis?

A

repulsion of like charges

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10
Q

positively charged ions are repelled by what

A

by the positive pole (anode)

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11
Q

negatively charged ions are repelled by what

A

by the negative pole (cathode)

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12
Q

treatment time for iontophoresis

A

20mA min - 160mA min
- 40 mA min and 80 mA min are most common

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13
Q

what will drive the time for iontophoresis treatment?

A

intensity (mA)
- intensity to tolerance (most units do not exceed 4mA)

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14
Q

1 mA current treatment parameters

A

treatment time: 40
dose (mA.mins): 40

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15
Q

2 mA current treatment parameters

A

treatment time: 20
dose (mA.mins): 40

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16
Q

3 mA current treatment parameters

A

treatment time: 13.3
dose (mA.mins): 40

17
Q

4 mA current treatment parameters

A

treatment time: 10
dose (mA.mins): 40

18
Q

cathode skin reaction

A
  • sodium hydroxide can form under the cathode
  • caustic
19
Q

anode skin reaction

A

hydrochloric acid can form under the anode

20
Q

is the anode or cathode known as the “alkaline reaction”?

A

cathode

21
Q

is the anode or cathode known as the “acidic reaction”?

A

anode

22
Q

is the alkaline reaction or acidic reaction more comfortable

A

acidic reaction is less uncomfortable

23
Q

current density for the cathode (-)

A

should not exceed 0.5 mA/cm2

24
Q

current density for the anode (+)

A

should not exceed 1.0 mA/cm2

25
Q

is iontophoresis a bipolar or monopolar set up?

A

monopolar

26
Q

active electrode placement

A
  • (+) or (-) based on medication type
  • electrode size is smaller
  • place directly over treatment area
27
Q

dispersive electrode placement

A
  • opposite of active
  • electrode size is larger
  • place at a distance from active (usually proximal)
28
Q

acetic acid (acetate) polarity and purpose

A
  • polarity: (-)
  • purpose: calcium deposits
29
Q

dexamethasone polarity and purpose

A
  • polarity: (-)
  • purpose: inflammation
30
Q

iodine polarity and purpose

A
  • polarity: (-)
  • purpose: scars
31
Q

lidocane polarity and purpose

A
  • polarity: (+)
  • purpose: anesthetic
32
Q

iontophoresis precautions and contraindications

A

stimulation across chest, pacemakers, over carotid sinuses in neck, uncontrolled hypertension, PVD, thrombophlebitis, pregnancy, impaired sensation, confused patients, uncontrolled seizures, obesity, cancer

33
Q

iontophoresis treatment procedure

A
  • select appropriate medication for condition
  • inspect skin for cuts, abrasion, scars, etc
  • check sensation
  • check for other contraindications/precautions
  • instruct patient about treatment (why, how it works, what to expect)
34
Q

iontophoresis treatment procedure set-up

A
  • position pt for comfort
  • clean and prep skin
  • prepare active electrode by placing medication on pad with syringe
  • place active electrode over treatment area
  • place dispersive electrode at a distance from active
35
Q

iontophoresis treatment procedure cont.

A
  • connect lead wires
  • turn on device
  • set dosage (mA.min)
  • allow ramp of intensity if indicated by unit
  • turn up intensity based on pt tolerance
  • terminate treatment and remove electrodes
36
Q

whats the most important thing to do once you’re finished with the treatment?

A

INSPECT THE SKIN

physical agents 2 (4 decks)

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