Ions (Term 1, test 1) Flashcards
What is the periodic table?
A table of elements that make up all metals, non-metals, and gases in the world.
What do the groups in the periodic table represent?
They go vertically and number from 1 to 18, indicating the number of electrons in the outermost shell.
What do the periods in the periodic table indicate?
They go horizontally and number from 1 to 7, showing the number of electron shells.
What does the atomic number represent?
The number of protons and electrons in an atom, which are always equal.
What is atomic mass?
The combined weight of protons and neutrons.
What is an ion?
An atom that has lost or gained electrons, resulting in a positive or negative charge.
Why do atoms lose or gain electrons?
To balance out the outermost shell and make it full.
What is the maximum number of electrons that can fit in the outermost shell?
8 electrons.
What is a cation?
An ion that loses an electron and becomes positively charged.
What is an anion?
An ion that gains an electron and becomes negatively charged.
What is a Monatomic Ion?
An ion with only one charged atom
How is a cation named?
It keeps its name, e.g., Hydrogen = Hydrogen Ion (H1+).
How is an anion named?
Its name changes to end with -ide, e.g., Oxygen = Oxide (O2-).
What is a Polyatomic Ion?
An ion composed of 2 or more atoms, e.g., Hydrogen Carbonate (HCO3-).
How are chemical compounds classified?
Based on the type of chemical bond that holds them together.
What is an ion?
An ion is a charged atom that forms because the atom has lost or gained an electron
How are covalent compounds made?
They form when two non-metallic atoms share electrons to achieve a full valence shell.
What is a binary compound?
A chemical compound that contains only 2 elements.
How is a binary compound named?
The cation keeps its name and is named first; the anion changes its name to -ide.
What is a transition metal?
A metal found in groups 3-12 and 14 that has variable charges.
What are the fixed charges for Zinc and Silver?
Zinc (Zn) has a charge of +2 and Silver (Ag) has a charge of +1.
How are transition metals named?
With Roman numerals to indicate their charges, e.g., Iron (II) and Iron (III).
What is the criss-cross method used for?
In order to create a balanced compound
What occurs when salts dissolve in water?
The ionic bond between the metal and non-metal parts is broken, releasing cations and anions.
What is a precipitate?
An insoluble salt formed when two soluble salts dissolve together.
What is displacement in chemistry?
The swapping of ions between two compounds.
What are the properties of acids?
- React with solids
- Sour taste
- pH < 7
- Very reactive
What are the properties of bases?
- Bitter taste
- Do not react with metals
- pH > 7
