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Adv. Chemistry > ions, isotopes, atoms test > Flashcards

ions, isotopes, atoms test Flashcards

1
Q

tells us how many protons are in the nucleus and tells us the identity of the atom

A

atomic number

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2
Q

tells us the number of protons plus neutrons

A

atomic mass

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3
Q

atoms that vary in the number of neutrons

A

isotopes

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4
Q

atoms that vary in the number of electrons

A

ions

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5
Q

group 1

A

alkali metals

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6
Q

group 2

A

alkaline earth metals

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7
Q

group 6

A

chalcogens

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8
Q

group 7

A

halogens

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9
Q

group 8

A

noble gases

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10
Q

alkali metals

A

most reactive metals

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11
Q

halogens

A

most reactive non-metals

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12
Q

most reactive alkali

A

francium

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13
Q

most reactive halogen

A

fluorine

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14
Q

elements that touch the red line

A

semi-metals / metalloids

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15
Q

exceptions of semi-metals

A

boron & aluminum

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16
Q

experiment made by J.J. Thomson

A

cathode ray experiment

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17
Q

discoverer of the electron

A

J.J. Thomson

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18
Q

maker of the plum pudding model

A

J.J. Thomson

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19
Q

experiment made by Robert Millikan

A

oil drop experiment

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20
Q

discoverer of the charge of an electron in coulombs

A

Robert Millikan

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21
Q

experiment made by Ernest Rutherford

A

gold foil experiment

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22
Q

person that found out the atom was mostly empty space except for a dense, positively charged nucleus

A

Ernest Rutherford

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23
Q

discoverer of the neutron

A

James Chadwick

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24
Q

thought that matter was made up of small particles (atomos)

A

Democritus

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25
Q

ridiculed Democritus

A

Aristotle

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26
Q

potion making and turning things to gold

A

alchemy

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27
Q
  • father of atomic theory
  • revised Democritus’s idea of the atom
A

John Dalton

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28
Q

actual mass of protons & neutrons

A

1.673 x 10 ^-24g

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29
Q

actual mass of electron

A

9.11 x 10^-28g

30
Q

relative mass of protons & neutrons

A

1

31
Q

relative mass of electron

A

1/1840

32
Q

person that called elements roots

A

Aristotle

33
Q

person that renamed roots to elements

A

Plato

34
Q

first person to have discovered a new element (phosphorous)

A

Henning Brand

35
Q

described the element as a “substance that cannot be broken down into a simpler substance by a chemical reaction”

A

Robert Boyle

36
Q

makes Henning Brand’s work public

A

Robert Boyle

37
Q

Father of Chemistry

A

Antione Lavoisier

38
Q

wrote the first modern chemical textbook (elementary treatise of chemistry)

A

Antione Lavoisier

39
Q

person who made one of the earliest attempts to classify the elements

A

Johann Wolfgang Dobereiner

40
Q

person who discovered triads

A

Johann Wolfgang Dobereiner

41
Q

___ elements were discovered by 1869

A

63

42
Q

person who made an early periodic table arranged in a spiral (tellurix helix)

A

Alexandre-Emile de Chancourtois

43
Q

similar elements seem to occur at regular intervals when they are ordered by their atomic weights

A

periodicity

44
Q

person that noticed that many pairs of similar elements existed which differed by some multiple of eight in their atomic mass (law of octaves)

A

John Newlands

45
Q

father of the periodic table

A

Dmitri Mendeleev

46
Q

person that arranged the elements by atomic weight and predicted the discovery of new elements

A

Dmitri Mendeleev

47
Q

person who arranged table by atomic number

A

Henry Moseley

48
Q

person who found a relationship between an element’s x-ray wavelength and atomic number

A

Henry Moseley

49
Q

person who moved the actinides and lanthanides to the bottom of the periodic table

A

Glenn Seaborg

50
Q

(physical) conduct electricity

A

conductive

51
Q

(physical) hammered into sheets

A

malleable

52
Q

(physical) drawn into wire

A

ductile

53
Q

(physical) most are shiny

A

luster

54
Q

chemical property of metals

A

they give away electrons

55
Q

isotopes of atoms with unstable nuclei

A

radioisotope

56
Q

unstable atoms lose energy by emitting radiation

A

radioactive decay

57
Q
  • symbol: α
  • composition: alpha particles
  • description: helium nuclei
  • charge: 2+
A

alpha

58
Q
  • symbol: β
  • composition: beta particles
  • description: electrons
  • charge: 1-
A

beta

59
Q
  • symbol: γ
  • composition: high-energy electromagnetic radiation
  • description: photons
  • charge: 0
A

gamma

60
Q
  • slow moving
  • sheet of paper can stop penetration
A

alpha

61
Q
  • emitted when a neutron in an unstable nucleus converts into a proton
  • very fast moving
  • metal foil can stop penetration
A

beta

62
Q
  • accounts for most of the energy loss that occurs as a nucleus decays
  • made of photons (high energy short-wavelength electromagnetic radiation) (no mass, no charge)
  • the emission of ___ does not change the atomic number or mass of the nucleus
A

gamma

63
Q
  • form of high-energy electromagnetic radiation
  • emitted when inner electrons are knocked out and electrons from higher energy levels drop down to fill the vacancy
A

x-rays

64
Q

the ability of radiation to pass through matter

A

penetrating power

65
Q

radioactive decay in which an atom’s atomic number is altered

A

transmutation

66
Q

protons and neutrons

A

nucleons

67
Q

acts on subatomic particles that are extremely close together and overcomes the electrostatic repulsion among protons

A

strong nuclear force

68
Q

the area on the graph within which all stable nuclei are found

A

band of stability

69
Q

too many neutrons

A

atoms above the band

70
Q

too many protons

A

atoms below the band

71
Q

decreases number of neutrons in the nucleus

A

beta decay

72
Q

reduction of number of neutrons and protons

A

alpha decay

Adv. Chemistry (1 decks)

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