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S4 Chem 2 > Ions + Ionic Compounds 2 > Flashcards

Ions + Ionic Compounds 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Rank metals from different groups in terms of metal reactivity

A

Group I > Group II > III > Transition metals

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2
Q

Why is Na more reactive than Mg and Al?

A

Na needs to lose only 1 e- to form cation, but Al needs to lose 2 e- to form cation. Twice the energy is needed to break the attraction between nucleus and OUTERMOST e- for Al compared to Na, thus it’s easier for Na to form cation

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3
Q

Why is K more reactive than Na?

A

Attraction bt outermost e- and nucleus decreases as no. of occupied e- shells increases due
to longer distance bt outermost e- and nucleus —> easier to lose outermost e- —> more reactive metal

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4
Q

Tin, platinum chem symbol

A

Sn, pt

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5
Q

Abundance of gases in air

A

N > O > Ar > CO2

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6
Q

Which metals can be burnt and form oxides?

A

K, Na, Ca, Mg, Al, Zn, Fe: burn + form oxides
Pb, Cu, Hg can’t burn but form oxides
Ag, Pt, Au: no reactions

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7
Q

Which metals need to be strongly heated for flame test?

A

Only K + Na are GENTLY HEATED
The rest up to Hg are strongly heated

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8
Q

Which metals form white powder when gently/strongly heated

A

K, Na, Ca, Mg, Al
Al burns with white flame

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9
Q

Mg flame test

A

Mg burns with BRIGHT WHITE flame
MgCl2 has no coloured flame

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10
Q

Zn, Fe, Pb, Cu, Hg flame test

A

Zn: white blue flame
ZnO: yellow powder when hot, white powder when cold
Fe: burns w/ yellow sparks
FeO: black powder
Pb: Orange powder when hot, yellow when cold
CuO: black powder
HgO: red

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11
Q

Colour of oxides of Grp I-III metals and colour of oxides of

A

Grp I-III metals oxides: white
trans metals oxides: usually coloured

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12
Q

EXTRA: how to store are + Cs

A

Store in vacuumed flask

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13
Q

Why are oxides usually in solid state

A

FOR BALANCING CHEM EQUATIONS: Ionic compounds + metals are in solid state at 25C

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14
Q

Vaporisation VS evaporation

A

Vaporisation: when temp is over a substance’s bp (eg: water over 100 is steam)
Evaporation: temp is lower than a substance’s bp but substance still in gaseous form (eg: water vapour)

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15
Q

Which metals react with water(g) but not water(l)

A

Mg, Al, Zn, Fe
Sn, Pb Cu and the rest X react with water

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16
Q

What can be OBSERVED when K reacts with water(l)?

A

K floats on water (lower density than H2O), moves quickly on water surface, turns into silvery ball + burns w/ lilac flame w/ hissing sound
Na: same but w/ golden yellow flame (Note: no gas bubbles bc not surrounded by water)

17
Q

Mg/Ca + water observation

A

Ca sinks to bottom of water, colourless gas bubbles are evolved
A cloudy solution may be formed as Ca(OH)2 is slightly soluble on water
(Note: Ca may sink then rise up later as it’s pushed up by H2) (no flame is formed bc Ca isn’t in contact with O2)

18
Q

Mg + steam observation

A

Metal gives white light
White powder is formed (Note: no gas bubbles bc no liquid H2O is involved)

19
Q

Al + steam observation

A

White powder formed
(Al powder instead of Al foil should be used as Al foil has a layer of Al2O3 on top)

20
Q

Zn+ steam obs

A

Powder is formed (hot: yellow, cold: white)

21
Q

Fe + steam obs

A

FE3O4 (black powder) is formed
(Fe2O3 + FeO)

22
Q

Name 3 polyatomic ANIONS formed from metals

A

(Purple) MnO4-, (Cr2O7)2-, (CrO4)2-

23
Q

Iron (II) ion colour

A

Green

24
Q

Iron(III) colour

A

Yellow

25
Q

Cobalt(II) ion colour

A

Blue/pink

26
Q

Nickel (II) ion

A

Green

27
Q

Copper(II) ion colour

A

Blue except for CuO (black) and ANHYDROUS Copper(II) sulphate (CuSO4·H2O) (white)

28
Q

Chromium(III)

A

Green

28
Q

Manganese(II) ion

A

Colourless

29
Q

T or F: If a compound is made up of 1 metal and 1 non-metal element, it must be ionic

A

F. Ammonium compounds are also ionic compounds. ionic compounds are only USUALLY made up metal + non-metal

29
Q

Permanganate ion

A

Purple

30
Q

MgSo4 colour in solid state

A

White. ONLY COLOURLESS in AQ STATE, must be white in solid state

31
Q

T or F: Is there sth called an ionic substance?

A

No. Can only have covalent substance (bc can have non metal element molecules + compounds) but only have ionic compounds

32
Q

CO2 or o2C? F3P or PF3?

A

Co2, PF3. The element closer to F should be on right side

33
Q

Why use Cu for making water pipes?

A
  1. No reaction with steam
  2. Cheaper than Ag/Au
34
Q

Why use Ca for collecting H2 gas?

A

Mg too unreactive, not enough H2 gas, K too reactive, dangerous

35
Q

Why use glass wool instead of usual wool during heating?

A

Usual wool may catch fire by itself

S4 Chem 2 (2 decks)

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