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Chemistry C2 > Ions > Flashcards

Ions Flashcards

1
Q

What do atoms contain?

A

Protons
Neutrons
Electrons

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2
Q

What does the mass number tell you?

Is it the bottom or top number?

A

Total number of protons + neutrons

Top

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3
Q

What does the Atomic Number tell you?

Is it the bottom or top number?

A

Number of protons (therefore electrons)

Bottom

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4
Q

Atoms of the same element will have the same number of….

So atoms of different elements will have different numbers of ….

A

protons

protons

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5
Q

How do you get the number of neutrons from the numbers?

A

Subtract the atom number from the mass number

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6
Q

Why aren’t electrons counted in the mass number?

A

Because their relative mass is so small

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7
Q

How are compounds formed?

What is the issue with compounds?

A

When atoms of two or more elements are chemically bonded together.
They’re difficult to separate once bonded

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8
Q

What is an isotope?

A

A different atomic form of the same element, which have the SAME number of PROTONS but a DIFFERENT number of NEUTRONS

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9
Q

So isotopes must have the …. atomic number but …. mass numbers to their previous element state.
If they had a different amount of protons they would be …. elements

A

same…. different

different

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10
Q

What are a popular pair of isotopes? Describe them with P, E, N

A

Carbon 12, P6 E6 N6

Carbon 14, P6 E6 N8

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11
Q

What happens in ionic bonding? (2 stages simple)

A

Atoms lose or gain electrons to form charged particles (called ions)
which are then strongly attracted to one another because of their opposite charges.

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12
Q

Why do atoms want to ionically bond and how? (Group 1 + 2)
Shells…
Get rid of…
Cling to …

A

Atoms in group 1 and 2 have one or two electrons on their outer shell
they are keen to get rid of these so they can have the outer shell of a noble gas
so when they get rid of the electrons they become charged particles, ions,
and attract to the nearest of opposite charge, the atom taking the electron.

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13
Q 
Describe an example of a very common ionic bond...
The reactants
What 1. does with its electrons,
What 2. does,
Then what happens to them both?
A

Sodium + chlorine
The sodium gives up its outer electron to become Na+ and the Chlorine picks up the electron to become Cl-
The two have opposite charges and so attract to each other.

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14
Q

Ionic bonds produce ….

A

giant ionic structures

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15
Q

What structure do ionic compounds have?

A

A regular lattice structure

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16
Q

What do ionic compounds always have?

What do the ions form?

A

Giant ionic lattices

A closely packed regular lattice arrangement

17
Q

What are the forces in a giant ionic lattice?

A

Very strong electrostatic forces between the oppositely charged atoms in all directions

18
Q

Describe a crystal of sodium chloride in terms of ionic lattices….
Shape
What’s happening to the ions (simple)

A

It is one giant ionic lattice, hence it’s cuboid shape

The ions are held together in this lattice.

19
Q

Ionic compounds all have similar properties…

  1. What temperature are the melting and boiling points? (simple)
  2. Why?
  3. When ionic compounds melt…
  4. What happens ionic compounds in water, and the….
A
  1. High
  2. The very strong attraction between the ions takes a lot of energy to overcome - so high temps are needed
  3. The ions are free to move so they’ll carry electric current
  4. They dissolve easily, ions separate and are free to move in the solution, so they carry electric current
20
Q

How do you get an ionic compound to conduct electricity?

A

Melt it or dissolve it in water

21
Q

What are ions?

A

Atoms that have lost or gained electrons

22
Q

What structure of sub atomic particles do ions have?

A

The same as a noble gas

23
Q

Which elements are most ready to lose electrons?

A

Elements in Group 1+2, and 6+7

24
Q

Group 1 + 2 atoms lose electrons to form …. ions

Group 6 + 7 atoms gain electrons to form …. ions

A

positive

negative

25
Q

The charge is the same as the …… …….. of the element

A

group number

26
Q

What is the overall charge of an ionic compound and why?

A

O because it is made up of a + part and a - part, so all the negatives balance with the positives

27
Q

Magnesium chloride is made up of Mg2+ ions and Cl- ions, what is its formula?

28
Q

How do you draw/write an ionic compound?

Write electronic structure of Sodium chloride… Na+ + Cl- = (describe the picture and notes)

A

In square brackets with + or - to show the charges of the boxes
[Sodium ion, three rings, full shells] Na+ underneath, a + at the top right hand corner, the same for Cl- on its right.

Chemistry C2 (10 decks)

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