Ionising radiation and risk

Question 1

What are sources of radiation

Answer 1

Carbon 14- used to tell time of living

• uranium
• radon
• x-rays
• UV lamp (not ionizing)
• Nuclear powered batteries in satellites

Question 2

What is alpha radiations typical speed

Answer 2

5% of C

Question 3

What is alpha’s rest mass

Answer 3

6.646X10^-27KG

Question 4

What is the charge on an alpha particle

Answer 4

2+

Question 5

What is the ionizing ability of alpha

Answer 5

High - one d ionizes 1 atom

Question 6

What is alpha absorbed by

Answer 6

paper
aluminium
cm air

Question 7

What is the typical speed of beta

Answer 7

75% of c

Question 8

What is the rest mass of beta

Answer 8

9.911x120^031 kg

Question 9

What is the charge on a beta particle

Answer 9

-1

Question 10

What is the ionizing ability of a beta particle

Answer 10

medium

Question 11

What is beta absorbed by

Answer 11

thick aluminium
lead
1m air

Question 12

What is the typical speed of gamma

Answer 12

C

3x10^8m/s

Question 13

What is the rest mass of Gamma

Answer 13

0

Question 14

What is the charge on gamma

Answer 14

0

Question 15

What is the ionizing ability of gamma

Answer 15

low

Question 16

What is gamma absorbed by

Answer 16

2m concrete

several cm of lead

Question 17

How many joules are in one electron volt eV

Answer 17

1.6x10^-19 J

Question 18

What is the charge on an electron

Answer 18

1.6x10^-19

Question 19

What are Si units based on

Answer 19

Water

Question 20

What is the equation for KE

Answer 20

KE=1/2mv^2

Question 21

What is the si unit of energy

Answer 21

Joules

Question 22

Why do we need two units of energy (joules and eV’s)

Answer 22

Some values are too small to see a change when in J

Question 23

What are becqurels

Answer 23

The rate for how often the Geiger counter clicks, showing activity. Radioactivity of a source is measured in becqurels or curies.

Question 24

What is the intensity of a gamma source measured in

Answer 24

roentgens

Question 25

What is absorbed dose measured in

Answer 25

Rads or grays which are converted into rems and Sieverts

Question 26

What is activity

Answer 26

No. of disintegrations per second. 1 Bq= 1 sec-1

Question 27

What is absorbed dose

Answer 27

Energy absorbed per Kg of tissue. Measured in grays 1Gy= 1JKg-1

Question 28

What is dose equivalent

Answer 28

Dose in grays x quality factors
Measured in Sieverts 1Sv=risk of 5%
Annual dose equivalent = 2mSv (approx.)