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Physics | GCSE - Edexcel - Additional > Ionising radiation > Flashcards

Ionising radiation Flashcards

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1
Q

What is ionising radiation?

A

Ionising radiation causes atoms to lose electrons and become ions.

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2
Q

What is radioactive decay?

A

The spontaneous breakdown of nuclei causing the release of energy and matter from the nucleus.

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3
Q

Whats the charge is alpha?

A

2+.

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4
Q

What can alpha be likened to?

A

Helium.

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5
Q

How many protons and neutrons each does an alpha particle have?

A

2

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6
Q

True or false:

Alpha particles are emitted at high speed

A

True

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7
Q

True or false:

Alpha is the least ionising

A

False

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8
Q

True or false:

Alpha particles have a short penetration distance because they lose energy quickly.

A

True

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9
Q

What can alpha particles be stopped by?

A

Paper.

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10
Q

What is a beta particle?

A

An electron emitted by an unstable radioactive nuclei.

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11
Q

What’s the charge of a beta particle?

A

-1

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12
Q

What can beta particles be stopped by?

A

3mm of aluminium.

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13
Q

True or false:

Beta particles can penetrate further than alpha.

A

True

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14
Q

What are gamma rays?

A

High frequency electromagnetic waves.

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15
Q

True or false:

Gamma rays are the least ionising.

A

True

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16
Q

What can stop gamma rays?

A

Thick lead.

17
Q

What is the charge of a gamma ray?

A

Zero, they are waves not particles and therefore do not have a charge.

18
Q

What does Uranium-235 decay into?

A

Krypton-92
Barium-141
3 neutrons

19
Q

How much more energy can 1 gram of Uranium produce than 1 gram of oil?

A

10,000 times more energy.

20
Q

What do moderators do?

A

Slow down neutrons so that they only collide with the uranium-235.

21
Q

What do control rods do?

A

Absorb neutrons.

22
Q

What takes place when producing nuclear power?

A
  1. Thermal energy from the core heats up water
  2. The heat energy converts the water into steam
  3. Steam causes a turbine to drive
  4. The turbine turns a generator
  5. The generator converts kinetic energy into electrical energy.

Physics | GCSE - Edexcel - Additional (5 decks)

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