Ionisation Energy

Question 1

Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle

Answer 1

you cannot determine the position and momentum of an electron at the same time

Example sentence: Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle states that the more precisely the position of a particle is known, the less precisely its momentum can be known, and vice versa.

Question 2

Orbital

Answer 2

a region in space where one is likely to find an electron + orbitals can hold two electrons as long as they have opposite spin

Additional information: Orbitals are often represented as 3D shapes to visualize the probability distribution of finding an electron in that region.

Question 3

Aufbau principle

Answer 3

electrons enter the lowest available energy level

Example sentence: According to the Aufbau principle, electrons will fill the lowest energy levels first before moving on to higher energy levels.

Question 4

Pauli’s exclusion principle

Answer 4

no 2 electrons can have the same four quantum numbers

Additional information: The four quantum numbers are the principal quantum number, azimuthal quantum number, magnetic quantum number, and spin quantum number.

Question 5

Hands rule of maximum multiplicity

Answer 5

when in orbitals of equal energy, electrons will try to remain unpaired

Example sentence: The Hands rule of maximum multiplicity explains why electrons in degenerate orbitals prefer to be unpaired to minimize repulsion.

Question 6

S block

Answer 6

spherical, one orbital

Additional information: The s block elements in the periodic table include the alkali metals and alkaline earth metals.

Question 7

P block

Answer 7

dumbbell shaped, three orbitals

Additional information: The p block elements are found in groups 13 to 18 of the periodic table.

Question 8

D block

Answer 8

various shapes, five orbitals

Additional information: The d block elements are known as transition metals due to their partially filled d orbitals.

Question 9

F block

Answer 9

various shapes

Additional information: The f block elements are the lanthanides and actinides located at the bottom of the periodic table.

Question 10

Avogadro constant

Answer 10

one mole of a substance contains the same number of particles as one mole of any other substance. The particle can be atoms, molecules or ions

Example sentence: The Avogadro constant is approximately equal to 6.022 x 10^23 particles per mole.

Question 11

Number of particles

Answer 11

Avogadro’s constant * the amount of substance in mol

Example sentence: To calculate the number of particles in a sample, multiply Avogadro’s constant by the amount of substance in moles.

Question 12

Number of moles

Answer 12

mass(g)/Ar or Mr

Additional information: Ar refers to the relative atomic mass of an element, while Mr refers to the relative molecular mass of a compound.

Question 13

Purpose of electromagnetic spectrum

Answer 13

shows types of radiation at different frequencies

Example sentence: The purpose of the electromagnetic spectrum is to categorize different types of radiation based on their frequencies and wavelengths.

Question 14

Electromagnetic spectrum

Answer 14

rich men in vegas use xpensive guns + increase in energy, decreasing wavelength

Additional information: This mnemonic helps remember the order of electromagnetic radiation from high energy/gamma rays to low energy/radio waves.

Question 15

Line spectra

Answer 15

a way of identify elements and is evidence for quantum shells

Additional information: Line spectra are produced when elements are heated or excited, resulting in the emission of specific wavelengths of light that are characteristic of the element.