Ionisation Energy

Question 1

Define ionisation

Answer 1

The conversion of an atom to an ion

Question 2

Define the first ionisation energy

Answer 2

The energy needed to remove one mole of electrons from one mole of a gaseous element to form one mole of gaseous positive ions

Question 3

What are the 3 factors that effect ionisation energy

Answer 3

Nuclear charge, distance of valence electron and shielding

Question 4

What is nuclear charge

Answer 4

The attraction on the electrons surrounding the nucleus from the positive protons located within the nucleus of an atom or ion

Question 5

What does nuclear charge depend on

Answer 5

Number of protons (the more protons the greater the nuclear charge)

Question 6

What is the relationship between nuclear charge and ionisation energy

Answer 6

The greater the nuclear charge the greater the ionisation energy

Question 7

how does the distance of valence electrons impact IE

Answer 7

as the atomic radi increases, the distance increases and so the attractions between the nucleus and the valence electrons decrease and so this tends to decrease IE

Question 8

What is the shielding effects

Answer 8

It is the lowering of the nucleus pull/attraction on the electron furthest away from the nucleus due to electrons in closer energy shells

Question 9

Why does the nucleus attract electrons

Answer 9

Because the nucleus has a positive charge whilst an electron has a negative charge and opposite charges attract

Question 10

When is always needed to remove electrons

Answer 10

An input of energy

Question 11

What is the general ionisation energy reaction

Answer 11

X(g) —> X+(g) + e-

Question 12

How can you identify which ionisation energy the equation is

Answer 12

With whatever charge the ion created has

Question 13

What is a successive ionisation energy

Answer 13

The 2nd 3rd 4th ect… ionisation energys

Question 14

What happens the atomic radi when electrons are removed

Answer 14

Decreases

Question 15

what do scientists use to study ionisation energies

Answer 15

Spectroscope

Question 16

how is a spectroscope used to study ionisation energy

Answer 16

the light (electromagnetic waves) that are let out by atoms when they are heated, is studied

Question 17

what does a spectroscope physically show

Answer 17

bright lines on a black background

Question 18

what happens to atoms when heated

Answer 18

they get energy so the electrons jump to a higher energy level

Question 19

what is a line emission spectrum

Answer 19

where each line in the spectrum arises from the energy released as the electrons drop back from a a higher energy level to a lower level

Question 20

why is each elements spectrum different

Answer 20

bveacuse each element has its own characteristic set of lines as they are unique to themselves

Question 21

what does the line emission spectrum provide evidence for

Answer 21

the existence of quantum shells in an atom

Question 22

what doe successive ionisation energies provide evidence for

Answer 22

the existence of groups and subshells

Question 23

how does electron shielding work

Answer 23

the inner electron exerts a repulsion force on outer shell electrons and this reduces attraction to the nucleus

Question 24

what is the relationship between no of shells and shielding effect

Answer 24

the greater the no of shells, the greater the increase in shielding effect

Question 25

what is the relationship between shielding effect and IE

Answer 25

the higher the shielding effect, the lower the ionisation energy because there is a reduced attraction to the nucleus

Question 26

does it get more or less difficult to remove successive electrons from an atom?

Answer 26

more

Question 27

as the number of IE increases, the difficulty in removing electrons….

Answer 27

also increases

Question 28

what does successive IEs depend on

Answer 28

electronic configuration of the atom