Ionic & Covalent Bonding

Question 1

What are 2 types of atomic bonding?

Answer 1

Ionic bonding and covalent bonding

Question 2

What are allotropes?

Answer 2

Allotropes are different forms or variants of the same element.

Question 3

What is a covalent bond?

Answer 3

A covalent bond is the sharing of electrons on an atoms’ valency shell with non metals. They do this to achieve stability.

Question 4

What is an Ionic bond?

Answer 4

Ionic bonds are the transferral of valency electrons done between non metals and metals. They do this to achieve stability.

Question 5

What are 3 giant covalent molecules

Answer 5

Diamond
Silica ( what sand’s made of)
Graphite (what pencil lead and lubricant are made with)

Question 6

What are two macromolecules that are allotropes of Carbon

Answer 6

Diamond and Graphite

Question 7

How many Carbon is each bonded to in Graphite?

Answer 7

Three to each C atom.

Question 8

How many carbon to each in diamond?

Answer 8

Four to each C atom

Question 9

State 4 differences between Simple covalent molecules and covalent macromolecules.

Answer 9

Simple
- low melting and boiling points
- Weak intermolecular forces
- Gas at room temperature

Macromolecules/ Giant molecules
- very high boiling and melting points
- Strong covalent bonds
- Solid at room temperature

Question 10

Is Al₂O₃ a covalent or Ionic compound?

Answer 10

Covalent because it shares electrons and also because it’s bonds between two non metals.

Question 11

What are some properties of Ionic compounds?

Answer 11

• They are soluble in water (because of their polarity)
• have strong electrostatic forces between oppositely charged ions.
• have very high melting and boiling points
• usually insoluble in ethanol
• Good conductors of electricity when in molten state or dissolved in a solution

Question 12

Is water a polar solvent?

Answer 12

Yes

Question 13

Name 2 inorganic solvents

Answer 13

Water (H₂O)
Ethanol (C₂H₆O)

Question 14

Name 4 properties of Covalent Compounds

Answer 14

• insoluble in water (because covalent compounds aren’t polar and water is)
• Low melting & boiling points
• Bad conductors of electricity
• Soluble in ethanol

Question 15

Why is Graphite a good conductor of electricity and not diamond?

Answer 15

Because graphite has delocalized and free electrons that make it a good conductor of electricity. Diamond has no free electrons which is why it’s a poor conductor.