Ionic Compounds Flashcards
What is an ion?
An ion is an atom or molecule where the number of protons is not equal to the number of electrons, resulting in a charge.
What are the two types of ions?
Cations (positive ions) and Anions (negative ions).
Which ion is first?
Cation then Anion
How do metals and non-metals form ions?
Metals lose electrons to form cations; non-metals gain those electrons to form anions.
What is ionic bonding?
A strong electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions in a lattice structure.
Name three properties of ionic compounds.
High melting points, solubility in water varies, conducts electricity when dissolved in water.
What is the rule for writing ionic formulae?
The charges must cancel out to create a neutral compound, using the simplest ratio of ions.
How do transition metals form multiple ions?
They have multiple valencies and require Roman numerals in their names (e.g., Fe²⁺ = Iron (II), Fe³⁺ = Iron (III)).
What are polyatomic ions?
Covalent bond between 2 or more atoms.
How are ionic compounds named?
The metal (cation) is written first, followed by the non-metal (anion), often ending in ‘-ide’ or ‘-ate’.
What is a precipitation reaction?
A reaction where two solutions form an insoluble compound (precipitate).
Which ions always form soluble compounds?
Sodium (Na⁺), Nitrate (NO₃⁻), Ammonium (NH₄⁺), Potassium (K⁺), and Ethanoate (CH₃COO⁻).
How do you determine if a precipitate forms?
Identify dissolved ions, form new combinations, and use a solubility table.
What are spectator ions?
Ions that do not participate in the reaction and remain in solution.
What is an ionic equation?
a chemical equation that shows dissolved ionic compounds as separate ions
