Ionic Bonding

Question 1

In an ionic bond what atom forms the anion and cation?

Answer 1

Non-metal - atoms become anions as they gain electrons thus having a positive charge

Metal - atoms lose electrons so they become cations

Question 2

Why do some electrons gain or lose electrons?

Answer 2

So they can achieve a full outer shell and become chemically stable.

Question 3

In an ionic substance what holds the ions in a fixed position

Answer 3

It is due to the strong electrostatic attraction between the oppositely charged ions, this strong force produces an ionic bond

Question 4

What is the name of the structure ionic substances form

Answer 4

Ionic network lattice

Question 5

List the theories of the structure of ionic substances

Answer 5

. Ionic substances form crystals that are a 3 dimensional array of positive metal ions and negative non metal ions

. Are held together by strong electrostatic attraction

. The ions are arranged in a way to achieve the most stable state, thus each cation is surrounded by anions and vies versa

. The solid is neutral due to equal amounts of ions.

Question 6

List the properties of ionic substances

Answer 6

Are usually solid

Have high melting and boiling points

Will not conduct electricity in solid form

Are hard

Will often dissolve in water to form ions

Will conduct electricity in molten or in an aqueous solution

Are brittle

Question 7

Explain the following property of an ionic compound: usually crystalline solids

Answer 7

This is due to the arrangement of ions in a repeating pattern in three Dimensions

Question 8

Explain the following property of an ionic compound: have high melting points and boiling points

Answer 8

This is due to a large amount of energy needed to break the strong bonds within the lattice structure and to separate the ions

Question 9

Explain the following property of an ionic compound: will not conduct electricity in the solid form

Answer 9

As the charged particles are in a fixed position and are unable to move so no current can be passed down

Question 10

Explain the following property of an ionic compound: hardness

Answer 10

Due to the strong electrostatic attraction between the ions this creates a very strong bond

Question 11

Explain the following property of an ionic compound: will often dissolve in water to form ions

Answer 11

The water molecules can move between the ions and free them by disrupting the structure

Question 12

Explain the following property of an ionic compound: will conduct electricity in molten or solid form

Answer 12

In the molten form the ions are able to move past one another and can therefore pass down an electric current.

In water the ions can move freely to conduct electricity

Question 13

Explain the following property of an ionic compound: are brittle

Answer 13

If there is distortion of the crystal structure the ions of like charge come in contact with each other and there is a repulsion force which causes the lattice to shatter

Question 14

What is a polyatomic ion

Answer 14

Is a group of tightly bound atoms that behaved as a single unit but carry an overall charge

Question 15

What is a hydrated ionic compound

Answer 15

Are ionic substances that contain water molecules and when heated this water decomposes

Question 16

What is an ionic bond?

Answer 16

When a metal and a non metal transfer/donate electrons to come together in a lattice structure