Ionic Bonding Flashcards
What is ionic bonding?
The electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions in all directions
Definition of a metal?
An element that forms positive ions
Simple molecular?
2 or more non-metal atoms bonded together
Giant covalent?
Diamond, graphite, boron, silica dioxide
Giant ionic lattice?
metal and non-metal bonded together
Giant metallic lattice?
The metal elements of the periodic table
What is the size of the ions influenced by?
The number of electrons it has compared to its atomic number
Can be affected by the ions charge and electron configuration
What happens to the electron cloud in cations and anions?
Cations- the electron cloud contracts
Anions- the electron cloud expands
Structure of giant ionic substances?
Ions are arranged in a lattice (regular pattern)
Structure held together by strong electrostatic forces and this force acts in all directions between oppositely charged ions
The smaller the ion and the greater the magnitude of the charge, the stronger the electrostatic forces
Properties of ionic compounds?
High melting and boiling points due to the strong electrostatic forces on the ions which require lots of energy to break
Dissolve in polar substances e.g. water?
When the substance dissolves, the ionic lattice is broken apart and the water molecules attract and surround the ions
Electricity?
Solid ionic substances can’t conduct electricity as the ions are in fixed positions- there are no mobile charge carriers
In molten/dissolves ionic substances, the ions are free to move and carry charge
Evidence for ions?
Electrolysis of coloured compounds
Green solution of copper chromate is electroyslysed in a U tube- the solution around the cathode turns blue and the solution around the anode turns yellow
The blue cu2+ ions are attracted to the negative electrode and the yellow cr042- ions are attracted to the positive electrode
