IONIC BONDING Flashcards
kr weak area
What is an ion?
An atom or group of atoms with a positive or negative charge.
How do ions form?
Ions form when atoms lose or gain electrons to obtain a full outer shell.
What type of charge do metal atoms form when they lose electrons?
Positively charged ions.
What type of charge do non-metal atoms form when they gain electrons?
Negatively charged ions.
Fill in the blank: An ion is an atom or group of atoms with a _______.
positive or negative charge.
True or False: Non-metal atoms lose electrons to form negatively charged ions.
False.
True or False: Metal atoms gain electrons to form positively charged ions.
False.
What happens to metal atoms when they form ions?
Metal atoms lose electrons from their outer shell
What charge do ions formed from metal atoms carry?
Positive, because they have more protons than electrons
What characteristic do the ions formed from metal atoms have?
They have full outer shells
The ions formed by metal atoms have the electronic structure of which type of element?
A noble gas (group 0 element), with a full outer shell
What happens to non-metal atoms when they form ions?
They gain electrons.
What type of charge do the ions formed by non-metal atoms have?
Negative.
Why do the ions formed by non-metal atoms have a negative charge?
They have more electrons than protons.
What is the electronic structure of ions formed by non-metal atoms?
They have the electronic structure of a noble gas.
What characteristic do the outer shells of ions formed by non-metal atoms exhibit?
A full outer shell.
how are ions formed?
Ions are formed by the transfer of electrons.
What forms positive and negative ions?
A metal reacts with a non-metal by transferring electrons
What are the charged ions formed from the reaction of a metal and a non-metal?
Positive and negative ions
What type of bond is formed between oppositely charged ions?
Ionic bonds
True or False: Ionic bonds are formed by the attraction of similarly charged ions.
False
Fill in the blank: Ionic bonds are formed when positive and negative ions are _______.
strongly attracted to each other
What is a dot and cross diagram used for?
To model the transfer of electrons from metal atoms to non-metal atoms
The diagram visually represents the electron transfer process.
In a dot and cross diagram, how are electrons from one atom represented?
As dots
Dots represent the electrons from one atom in the electron transfer.
In a dot and cross diagram, how are electrons from the other atom represented?
As crosses
Crosses represent the electrons from the other atom in the electron transfer.
What occurs when sodium reacts with chlorine according to the dot and cross diagram?
Electrons transfer from sodium atoms to chlorine atoms
This process illustrates the ionic bonding between metal and non-metal.
Fill in the blank: In a dot and cross diagram, electrons from one atom are shown as _______.
dots
Fill in the blank: In a dot and cross diagram, electrons from the other atom are shown as _______.
crosses
True or False: A dot and cross diagram can show multiple ways of representing electron transfer.
True
The diagrams can represent the same transfer in different formats.
What is an ionic compound?
A giant structure of ions
What is an ionic lattice?
A regular, repeating arrangement of ions
What causes the formation of an ionic lattice?
The attraction between oppositely charged ions
Fill in the blank: The lattice is formed because the ions ______ each other.
attract
What arrangement do oppositely charged ions have in an ionic lattice?
They are next to each other
What is an ionic lattice held together by?
Strong electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions
What type of bonding occurs in an ionic lattice?
Ionic bonding
True or False: The forces in an ionic lattice act only in one direction.
False
Fill in the blank: The forces in an ionic lattice act in _______.
All directions
what are the advantages and disadvantages of representing ionic compounds with the two-dimensional space-filling model
the two-dimensional space-filling model clearly shows the arrangement of ions in one layer, but it does not show how the next layer of ions is arranged
what are the advantages and disadvantages of the three-dimensional ball and stick model
- the three-dimensional ball and stick model shows the arrangement of ions in a larger section of the crystal, but using sticks for bonds is misleading because the forces of attraction between ions actually act in all directions
- the three-dimensional model is also misleading because it shows lots of free space between the ions, which there isn’t
how do positive and negative ions form?
- Positive and negative ions form when a metal reacts with a non-metal, by transferring electrons.
- The oppositely charged ions are strongly attracted to each other, forming ionic bonds
what do dot and cross diagrams show?
A dot and cross diagram models the transfer of electrons from metal atoms to non-metal atoms.
what do the dots and crosses represent?
The electrons from one atom are shown as dots, and the electrons from the other atom are shown as crosses.
what is an ionic compound?
An ionic compound is a giant structure of ions.
what is an ionic lattice?
- An ionic compound is a giant structure of ions.
- The ions have a regular, repeating arrangement called an ionic lattice
- The lattice is formed because the ions attract each other and form a regular pattern with oppositely charged ions next to each other.
how are ionic lattices held together?
An ionic lattice is held together by strong
electrostatic forces of attraction between the oppositely charged ions.
what is an electrostatic force?
A force of attraction between particles with opposite charges.
what is ionic bonding?
when the electrostatic forces act in all directions in the lattice
Ionic compounds have regular structures, called…
giant ionic lattices
what happens in a giant ionic lattice?
In a giant ionic lattice, there are strong electrostatic forces of attraction acting in all directions between the oppositely charged ions.
what state is an ionic compound in at room temperature and why?
Ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points, so they are in the solid state at room temperature.
why do ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points?
As the ionic lattice contains such a large number of ions, a lot of energy is needed to overcome this ionic bonding.
- Since the electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions are strong, their melting and boiling points are high.
how are ionic compounds held together?
Ionic compounds are held together by electrostatic forces between the oppositely charged ions.
what does the strength of the ionic bonds depend on?
The strength of the ionic bonds depends on the charge on the ions. Ions with higher charge will have stronger forces between them, so will need more energy in order to overcome these forces.
when can an ionic bond conduct electricity?
An ionic compound can conduct electricity when:
- it has melted to form a liquid
OR
- it has dissolved in water to form an aqueous solution
- Ionic compounds conduct electricity when melted or in solution.
why cant ionic compounds conduct electricity in a solid state?
Ionic compounds cannot conduct electricity in the solid state because their ions are held in fixed positions and cannot move. They are insulators when solid.
What properties does an ionic compound have?
A high melting point and it conducts electricity when liquid
How do metal atoms form ions?
They lose electrons to form positive ions
