Ionic Bonding

Question 1

What are properties of ionic compounds ?

Answer 1

-ionic compounds are solids at room temperature because there are strong electrostatic force between oppositely charged ions and a lattice is set up

-ionic compounds have a high melting and boiling point because a large amount of energy is needed to break the many strong bonds

-ionic compounds can conduct electricity only when molten or dissolved in water as they ions will be able to move and flow therefore carry charge

-ionic compound are brittle e.g. when a force is applied positive ion (so do negative ion) end up being next to eachother and so repel and break off

-Mg has a higher m.p. than NaCl due to a higher charges involved so a greater electrostatic force

Question 2

Wha do you need to do when comparing ions?

Answer 2

The strength of the ionic bond increases when the charge of the ion increases e.g MgO has a higher charge than NaCl

However if the charge are the same think about size.-A larger ion makes a weaker ionic bond because of the greater distance between its electrons and the nucleus of the oppositely charged ion

Question 3

What is ionic bonding?

Answer 3

It is the strong electrostatic force between positive ion and negative ion .

Electrons are transferred from metal atom to the non-metal atom

Question 4

Wha makes complex ions different from normal compound ions and give a few examples?

Answer 4

Complexity ion=have more than one non-metal atom

Phosphate =PO4 3-

Sulphate=SO4 2-

Nitrate= NO3 -

Hydroxide =OH -

Carbonate =CO3 2-

Hydrogencarbonate=HCO -

Ammonium=NH4 +

Question 5

Why do transitional metals have partially filled d-subshell?

Answer 5

Due to ionisation they loose electrons from the 4s level before 3d has it has a lower energy level
So they form ions with different charges.

Question 6

Wha it’s the formula for ion oxide?

Answer 6

Fe3+ O2-

Fe2O3

Question 7

Why is potassium bromide soluble in water(water is slightly charged)?

Answer 7

It has charged particles so when the ions dissociate in water they produce hydrated ions that are encircled by water molecules

Question 8

What has the highest melting point ionic ,metallic or simple covalent structure?

Answer 8

Ionic -has the highest as ionic bonds are very strong so a lot of energy is needed to overcome the bonds

Simple covalent bonds-lower melting point as not a lot of energy is needed to overcome the weak intermolecular forces

Metallic-does have a high melting point but not as a high as ionic as the delocalised electrons are free and don’t belong to a specific atoms making the bonds weaker and flexible